An optical communication module includes: an optical modulator that includes an optical modulation element housed in a rectangular parallelepiped container; a driver circuit that inputs a high-frequency signal to the optical modulation element; and a housing that houses the optical modulator and the driver circuit. An electrical interface is provided on one lateral surface of the housing, and an optical interface is provided on another lateral surface, which is opposite to the lateral surface, of the housing. In the optical modulator, an end of a wiring substrate, which is configured to introduce the high-frequency signal to the optical modulation element, is led out from one short-side side of the rectangular parallelepiped container, and the driver circuit is disposed between the short-side side of the optical modulator and the electrical interface.

An optical modulator includes a substrate, an optical waveguide, a control electrode applying a high frequency signal in order to modulate light waves propagating through the optical waveguide, and a relay substrate provided with a relay line to transfer the high frequency signal to the control electrode. The control electrode and the relay line together have a coplanar line structure inclusive of at least electrical connection portions of both the control electrode and the relay line. The control electrode includes an electrical connection portion and a routing portion positioned between the electrical connection portion and an active portion applying an electrical field to the optical waveguide. The routing portion has a coplanar line structure. A distance between ground electrodes sandwiching a signal electrode in the electrical connection portion of the control electrode is substantially equal to a distance between ground electrodes sandwiching a signal electrode of the routing portion.

A leaky-mode acousto-optical modulator may be used to generate visual images suitable for direct viewing, without image-forming optics. To extend a field of view of the modulator to limits suitable for visual displays, an array of acoustic transducers is coupled to a waveguide along its length. Each acoustic transducer generates an acoustic wave causing a corresponding leaky mode to appear. A reflector is disposed proximate each transducer for directing the out-coupled light portion at a unique angle, providing a corresponding field of view portion for that direction. The field of view portions coalesce into a continuous synthetic field of view suitable for wide-angle visual display applications.

A leaky-mode acousto-optical modulator may be used to generate visual images suitable for direct viewing, without image-forming optics. To extend a field of view of the modulator to limits suitable for visual displays, the leaky-mode acousto-optical modulator may be equipped with a switchable beam redirector, e.g. a switchable-angle reflector, providing field of view portions one by one in a time-sequential manner. The field of view portions coalesce into a continuous synthetic field of view suitable for wide-angle visual display applications.

Disclosed is a lighting device including a light source, a first liquid crystal cell over the light source, and a second liquid crystal cell over the first liquid crystal cell. The light source includes light-emitting elements arranged in a matrix shape with m rows and n columns. The first and second liquid crystal cells each include: a first substrate; first electrode groups located over the first substrate and arranged in a matrix shape with m rows and n columns; a liquid crystal layer over the first electrode groups; and a second substrate over the liquid crystal layer. In each of the first and the second liquid crystal cells, the first electrode groups each have first electrodes extending in a row direction, and the light-emitting elements in a jth row and a kth column overlaps the first electrode group located in the jth row and the kth column.

An optical modulator includes: an optical modulation element which includes signal electrodes; lead pins; and a relay substrate in which a conductor pattern which electrically connects each of the lead pins and each of the signal electrodes to each other are formed, and the optical modulator is configured such that the amount of radiation of a high frequency at a connection portion between the conductor pattern and the signal electrode is increased compared to a portion other than the connection portion.

A configurable cage of Faraday has a cavity enveloped by a layer of conductive material whose resistance can be modified by an external stimulus. The conductive material may be inside or outside a substrate or may be without a substrate. The layer may be continuous, or applied in a pattern, such as a mesh. The conductive material can be a perovskite or a phase-change memory material, and the external stimulus can be electrical. Various electrical pulses can be used to configure the resistance/conductivity of the material, and therefore the level of shielding from magnetic waves that the Faraday cage provides.

An electronic component mounting package includes a body portion which accommodates an electronic component; a flexible substrate. The body portion comprises a notched portion which is open to a lower surface and a side surface thereof, and is provided with a projecting ridge portion which extends along a side end portion of the notched portion on a side surface side of the notched body portion. The flexible substrate extends from an interior of the notched portion to an exterior of the notched portion, and comprises a fixed end portion joined to a terminal of a coaxial connector disposed on a bottom surface of the notched portion, and a free end portion extending to the exterior of the notched portion. The flexible substrate abuts on the projecting ridge portion to be bent.

A light modulator includes a perovskite-type electro-optic crystal including a first surface to which the input light is input and a second surface which faces the first surface; a first electrode which is disposed on the first surface of the electro-optic crystal and through which the input light is transmitted; a second electrode which is disposed on the second surface of the electro-optic crystal and through which the input light is transmitted; and a drive circuit for applying an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode is disposed alone on the first surface. The second electrode is disposed alone on the second surface. At least one of the first electrode and the second electrode partially covers the first surface or the second surface. A propagation direction of the input light and an applying direction of the electric field are parallel to each other.

A reflective spatial light modulator includes a perovskite-type electro-optic crystal having a relative permittivity of 1,000 or higher, a light input and output unit disposed on an input surface of the electro-optic crystal and including a first electrode through which input light is transmitted, a light reflecting unit including a plurality of second electrodes disposed on a rear surface of the electro-optic crystal and reflects the input light toward the light input and output unit, a drive circuit including a plurality of drive electrodes respectively corresponding to the plurality of second electrodes and for applying an electric field to a part between the first electrode and the second electrode by inputting an electrical signal to each of the plurality of drive electrodes, and a plurality of bumps which are disposed such that the plurality of second electrodes and the plurality of drive electrodes are electrically connected to each other.