The optical device includes a substrate and an optical waveguide formed on the substrate, a protrusion portion is formed on the substrate adjacent to the optical waveguide. Accordingly, an optical device which can achieve further suppression of the light propagation loss and higher reliability is provided

An electro-optical device includes a substrate, an optical waveguide formed on the substrate, a buffer layer formed on the substrate which is provided so as to cover the optical waveguide and an electrode formed on the buffer layer, when viewed in a propagation direction of light, a side surface of the optical waveguide has at least one slope change point. An electro-optical device can reduce the driving voltage and provide the propagation loss of light.

Devices, methods and systems for generating wideband, high-fidelity arbitrary radio frequency (RF) passband signals are described. A voltage tunable optical filter for arbitrary RF passband signal generation includes a first input configured to receive a broadband optical pulse train, a second input configured to receive a first control voltage representative of an amplitude signal, an electrooptic modulator to receive the broadband optical pulse train and the first control voltage, to modulate the broadband optical pulse train in accordance with the amplitude signal, and to produce two complementary optical outputs that form two arms of an interferometer, an optical delay component to impart an optical path difference into one of the complementary outputs of the electrooptic modulator, and a combiner or a splitter to receive two complementary optical outputs of the electrooptic modulator after impartation of the optical path difference and to produce an output interference pattern of fringes.

A phase shift keying modulator. The modulator comprises: a plurality of silicon waveguides provided in a device layer of a silicon-on-insulator platform, the silicon-on-insulator platform including one or more cavities; one or more III-V semiconductor based devices located within the one or more cavities of the silicon-on-insulator platform, each III-V semiconductor-based device including a III-V semiconductor based waveguide which is coupled at an input end to one of the plurality of silicon waveguides and coupled at an output end to another of the plurality of silicon waveguides, each III-V semiconductor based waveguide comprising an active phase modulating portion; and one or more contacts in electrical contact with each active phase modulating portion, such that the phase shift keying modulator is operable to modulate the phase of an optical wave passing through each active phase modulating portion.

An optical modulator includes a Mach-Zehnder interferometer including (i) a first optical waveguide including a first semiconductor junction diode, and (ii) a second optical waveguide including a second semiconductor junction diode. A semiconductor region connects the first and second semiconductor junction diodes such that a distance between the first and second optical waveguides is less than 2.0 μm for at least a portion of a longitudinal direction of the optical modulator. In another aspect, a method of modulating an optical signal includes splitting input light into first and second optical transmission paths; modulating a phase difference between light in the first optical transmission path and light in the second optical transmission path without applying a bias voltage through an impedance less than 100 ohm between the first and second optical transmission paths; and combining light that is output from the first and second optical transmission paths.

An optical device includes a rib optical waveguide that is a thin-film lithium niobate (LN) crystal formed of a thin-film LN substrate, and a buffer layer that is laminated on the optical waveguide. The optical device further includes an electrode that is laminated on the buffer layer, and sub electrodes that are arranged parallel to the electrode on the buffer layer, and attract a charge in the optical waveguide in accordance with electrification.

Apparatus and method for transferring data in a data storage system, such as but not limited to a hard disc drive (HDD). An optical link is provided between an analog front end (AFE) of a data storage device controller circuit (SOC) and a preamplifier/driver circuit (preamp) mounted to a rotary actuator to transfer an analog domain signal. A selected component is extracted from the signal using a modulation element such as a micro-resonance ring (MRR) or a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Modulation (MZM) device. The extracted component is forwarded to a processing circuit to facilitate a transfer of data between a local memory and a non-volatile memory (NVM). The optical link includes a flexible portion in a flex circuit affixed to the rotary actuator and which supports the preamp. Multiplexed read, write, and power control signals are concurrently transmitted via the optical link. The link can concurrently service multiple head-disc assemblies (HDAs).

Embodiments are disclosed for generating an optical Pulse Amplitude Modulation 4-level (PAM-4) signal from bandwidth-limited duobinary electrical signals in a Mach-Zehnder modulator. An example system includes an MZM structure that comprises a first waveguide interferometer arm structure associated with a first semiconductor device and a second waveguide interferometer arm structure associated with a second semiconductor device. A polybinary electrical signal is applied to or between the first semiconductor device and the second semiconductor device to convert an input optical signal provided to the MZM structure into an optical PAM-4 signal.

Devices, systems and methods for encoding information using optical components are described. An example photonic filtered sampler includes a spectral shaper configured to receive an optical pulse train, a dispersive element positioned to receive an output of the spectral shaper and to expand spectral contents thereof in time, and a modulator configured to receive an output of the dispersive element and a radio frequency (RF) signal, and to produce a modulated output optical signal in accordance with the RF signal. In this configuration, one or more characteristics of the modulated output optical signal is determined based on a spectral shape provided by the spectral shaper and dispersive properties of the dispersive element.

An interferometer comprises a plurality of waveguide branches comprising a plurality of bus waveguides and a plurality of photonic resonators. A first waveguide branch of the plurality of waveguide branches comprises a first photonic resonator coupled to a first bus waveguide. The first photonic resonator is disposed to couple and circle a first portion of an optical beam at the first photonic resonator to generate a first phase shift of the first portion of the optical beam, where the first phase shift is the same as a second phase shift of a second photonic resonator coupled to a second bus waveguide. The interferometer forms at least a portion of an in-phase and quadrature (IQ) modulator.