An apparatus (10) for analyzing a material (12) comprising at least one analyte, said apparatus comprising a measurement body (16) having a contact surface (14) suitable to be brought in thermal contact or pressure-transmitting contact with said material (12), an excitation radiation source (26) configured for irradiating excitation radiation (18) into the material (12) to be absorbed therein, and a detection device for detecting a physical response of the measurement body to heat or a pressure wave received from said material (12) upon absorption of said excitation radiation (18) and for generating a response signal indicative of the degree of absorption of excitation radiation, wherein a protrusion (80) is provided, said protrusion having a front surface (82) facing said material (12) and being in contact with the material when the material is brought in contact with the contact surface, and wherein said excitation radiation (18) is irradiated into the material (12) through said front surface (82) of said protrusion (80), wherein said protrusion (80) is formed on said contact surface (14) of said measurement body (16), or wherein said measurement body (16) forms said protrusion or a part of said protrusion, in which said contact surface (14) of said measurement body (16) forms at least a part of said front surface of said protrusion and is elevated with respect to a surrounding structure.

An inserter for a medical device, where the inserter includes a housing having a first end with an opening therein, an actuator connected to a first gear, an actuator biasing element, a cam gear assembly including a cam member and a second gear, a cam bridge follower in contact with the cam member, and a first plunger assembly having a first plunger and a first biasing element.

Disclosed are systems and methods for detecting analyte levels. These systems and methods may include a sensor configured for at least partial placement in an analyte-containing medium. The sensor may include one or more transducers and one or more diffusion barriers. The diffusion barriers may be arranged to delay diffusion of analyte to one transducer relative to another transducer. This delay may be used for purposes such as calculating and/or compensating for lag between a measured analyte level and a physiological analyte level of interest.

A device for increasing a concentration of at least one analyte in an advective flow of biofluid includes an agent for enhancing a paracellular permeability of an epithelial tissue; and an iontophoresis electrode and a counter electrode, which are adapted to increase the concentration of said analyte in the advective flow of the biofluid. A method of sensing an analyte in a biofluid includes increasing a paracellular permeability of an epithelial tissue layer; and inducing electro-osmotic flow by reverse iontophoresis to increase a concentration of said analyte in an advective flow of the biofluid, wherein said advective flow is driven by at least one of saliva generation, sweat generation, or reverse iontophoresis.

A continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device may include a wearable portion having a sensor configured to produce glucose signals from interstitial fluid, a processor, a memory and transmitter circuitry. The memory may include a pre-determined gain function based on a point-of-interest glucose signal and glucose signals measured prior to the point-of-interest glucose signal. The memory may also include computer program code stored therein that, when executed by the processor, causes the CGM device to (a) measure and store a plurality of glucose signals using the sensor and memory; (b) for a presently-measured glucose signal, employ the plurality of previously-measured glucose signals stored in the memory and the pre-determined gain function to compute a compensated glucose value; and (c) communicate the compensated glucose value to a user of the CGM device. Numerous other embodiments are provided.

A method of analyzing a material (12) comprising at least one analyte, wherein analyte-wavelength-specific measurements are interspersed with reference measurements (80), and wherein response signals obtained for the reference measurements (80) are used for one or more of calibrating an excitation radiation source (26) for generating said excitation radiation, calibrating said detection device, recognizing a variation in the measurement conditions by comparing results of individual reference measurements (80), adapting the analyte measurement procedure (78) with respect to one or more of the entire duration thereof, the absolute or relative duration of analyte-wavelength-specific measurements for a given analyte-characteristic-wavelength, or terminating and/or restarting the analyte measurement procedure, and adapting the analysis carried out in the analyzing step.

Disclosed herein is an apparatus (10) for analyzing a material (12) comprising at least one analyte, said apparatus (10) comprising a measurement body (16) having a contact surface (14) suitable to be brought in thermal contact or pressure-transmitting contact with said material (12), an excitation radiation source configured for irradiating excitation radiation into the material (12) to be absorbed therein, and a detection light source for generating a detection light beam (22) travelling through at least a portion of said measurement body (16) or a component included in said measurement body, wherein said detection light beam is directed to be totally or partially reflected at said contact surface (14), wherein said contact surface (14) of the measurement body is curved in at least one principal direction in the area where the detection light beam (22) is reflected.

Methods of determining when to activate an analyte, e.g. glucose, related alarm, such as a hypoglycemia alarm, of a continuous analyte monitor is provided. Also provided are systems, devices and kits.

Disclosed are analyte monitoring systems and methods for calibrating an analyte sensor using one or more reference measurements. These systems and methods may include using a conversion function and first sensor data to calculate a first sensor analyte level, weighting a first reference analyte measurement (RM1) and one or more previous reference analyte measurements according to a weighted average cost function, updating the conversion function using the weighted RM1 and the one or more weighted previous reference analyte measurements as calibration points, and using the updated conversion function and second sensor data to calculate a second sensor analyte level. In some aspects, the systems and methods may include updating one or more of lag parameters used to calculate the sensor analyte levels.

A sensor that may be implanted within a living animal (e.g., a human) and may be used to measure an analyte (e.g., glucose or oxygen) in a medium (e.g., interstitial fluid, blood, or intraperitoneal fluid) within the animal. The sensor may include a sensor housing and an analyte indicator covering at least a portion of the sensor housing. The sensor may include a drug-eluting matrix that covers at least a portion of the analyte indicator. The drug-eluting matrix may include one or more openings configured to allow the medium to pass through the drug-eluting matrix and come into contact with the analyte indicator. The sensor may include one or more therapeutic agents. The one or more therapeutic agents may reduce deterioration of the analyte indicator. The one or more therapeutic agents may be incorporated within the drug-eluting matrix.