Method and apparatus for receiving a first signal from a first working electrode of a glucose sensor positioned at a first predetermined position under the skin layer, receiving a second signal from a second working electrode of the glucose sensor positioned at a second predetermined position under the skin layer, the second signal received substantially contemporaneous to receiving the first signal, detecting a dropout in the signal level associated with one of the first or second signals, comparing the first signal and the second signal to determine a variation between the first and second signals, and confirming one of the first or second signals as a valid glucose sensor signal output when the determined variation between the first and the second signals is less than a predetermined threshold level are provided.

Methods, structures, devices and systems are disclosed for fabricating and implementing electrochemical biosensors and chemical sensors. In one aspect, a method of producing an epidermal biosensor includes forming an electrode pattern onto a coated surface of a paper-based substrate to form an electrochemical sensor, the electrode pattern including an electrically conductive material and an electrically insulative material configured in a particular design layout, and attaching an adhesive sheet on a surface of the electrochemical sensor having the electrode pattern, the adhesive sheet capable of adhering to skin or a wearable item, in which the electrochemical sensor, when attached to the skin or the wearable item, is operable to detect chemical analytes within an external environment.

Methods of forming garments having one or more stretchable conductive ink patterns. Described herein are method of making garments (including compression garments) having one or more highly stretchable conductive ink pattern formed of a composite of an insulative adhesive, a conductive ink, and an intermediate gradient zone between the adhesive and conductive ink. The conductive ink typically includes between about 40-60% conductive particles, between about 30-50% binder; between about 3-7% solvent; and between about 3-7% thickener. The stretchable conductive ink patterns may be stretched more than twice their length without breaking or rupturing.

A system for measuring and/or monitoring an analyte present on the skin is provided. The system includes a substrate that may be attached to an external skin surface and a reader device. The substrate includes a sensor comprising aptamer conjugates and is configured to obtain one or more measurements related to at least one analyte in the perspiration or interstitial fluid. The reader device is configured to detect the analyte in the least one of perspiration or interstitial fluid via interaction with the substrate.

A sensing device having a first and second opening, a first semipermeable membrane having a first surface and a second surface, and a second semipermeable membrane having a third and fourth surface, a ketone body sensor, and a void. The first opening is juxtaposed to the first surface and the second opening is juxtaposed to the third surface. The space between the first and second openings is the void and wherein the ketone body sensor is positioned within the void. Gasses may permeate through the first opening and into the void to contact the sensor and exit the void through the second opening.

The disclosed invention provides a sweat sensing device configured with reduced volume between sweat sensors and sweat glands, which decreases the chronologically assured sampling interval. In one embodiment, a sweat sensing device placed on the skin for measuring a property of a sweat analyte includes one or more sweat sensors and a volume-reducing component. The volume-reducing component provides a volume-reduced pathway for sweat between the one or more sweat sensors and sweat glands when the device is positioned on the skin. The volume-reducing component may include a wicking material or other component that at least partially creates the volume-reduced pathway.

A microfluidic patch for separating specific species in biological fluids, comprising a flow layer comprising: a first porous portion to receive and carry a starting biological fluid containing related species; a multilayer membrane downstream the first porous portion and comprising a plurality of graphene-based sheets spaced among each other to define a plurality of parallel channels transversally interconnected and chemically functionalized to provide from the starting biological fluid an outgoing flow of specific species to be detected; and a second porous portion placed downstream the multilayer membrane to receive and carry the outgoing flow to be detected; the patch comprises a first upstream electrode and a first downstream electrode placed respectively upstream and downstream the multilayer membrane to foster the flow through the multilayer membrane from the first to the second porous portion.

The present invention provides a portable handheld medical screening device designed to facilitate health, medical research, and health-security screening measures at hospitals, emergency rooms, medical facilities, offices, meeting rooms, sports training facilities, health clubs, restaurants, small shops and for service providers, etc., i.e., places associated with healthcare and interactions between persons unknown to each other in settings where disease, public health, research data collection, disease contagion, and/or disease detection and/or monitoring are a concern. The invention provides several formats of self-contained devices with flexible attachment that collects ambient emissions, especially volatile compounds, produced by a subject (medical patient or one or more persons interacting with each other). In a clinical setting, the device monitors gas compounds produced by the subject, analyzes the monitored gases to determine patterns of emitted gases, compares these patterns to libraries of patterns associated with a disease or condition, and reports the associations.

The present invention presents a method of fabrication for a physiological sensor with electronic, electrochemical, and chemical components. The fabrication method comprises steps for manufacturing an apparatus comprising at least one electrochemical sensor, a microcontroller, and a transceiver. The fabrication process includes the steps of substrate fabrication, circuit fabrication, pick and place, reflow soldering, electrode fabrication, membrane fabrication, sealing and curing, layer bonding, and dressing. The physiological sensor is operable to analyze biological fluids such as sweat.

A device and method are provided for diagnosing hyperhidrosis or for use in the diagnosis of hyperhidrosis by capturing, collecting, and measuring a sweat sample on a skin surface of a subject. The device includes a sweat capturing and collecting body forming a cavity therein and defining an opening leading to the cavity and being circumscribed by a contact surface for engaging the skin surface. Engagement of the skin surface by the contact surface provides for sealing the cavity thereby forming a chamber for capturing and collecting the sweat sample. A humidity sensor positioned within the cavity measures humidity within the chamber which corresponds to a sweat rate measurement. A temperature sensor positioned within the cavity measures temperature within the chamber which corresponds to a skin temperature measurement. A controller is in operative communication with the humidity sensor and the temperature sensor for receiving the measured humidity and temperature within the chamber. A user interface is in operative communication with the controller for communicating the measured humidity and temperature within the chamber.