Example implementations also include a method of sensing the presence and quantity of a biochemical by applying a current across a biochemical sensing electrode and a reference electrode, contacting a hydrogel layer to a biological surface, absorbing a biofluid from the biological surface into the hydrogel layer, obtaining, at a processor coupled to the biochemical sensing electrode and the reference electrode, a change in current across the biochemical sensing electrode and the reference electrode, and generating, at the processor, a quantitative biochemical response. Example implementations further include obtaining a biometric encryption key based on the biological surface, and encrypting the quantitative response based on a biometric encryption key. Example implementations further include contacting a fingerprint scanner to the biological surface, and obtaining a fingerprint pattern from the biological surface at the fingerprint scanner, where the biometric encryption key is based on the fingerprint pattern.

Example implementations also include a method of sensing the presence and quantity of a biochemical by applying a current across a biochemical sensing electrode and a reference electrode, contacting a hydrogel layer to a biological surface, absorbing a biofluid from the biological surface into the hydrogel layer, obtaining, at a processor coupled to the biochemical sensing electrode and the reference electrode, a change in current across the biochemical sensing electrode and the reference electrode, and generating, at the processor, a quantitative biochemical response. Example implementations further include obtaining a biometric encryption key based on the biological surface, and encrypting the quantitative response based on a biometric encryption key. Example implementations further include contacting a fingerprint scanner to the biological surface, and obtaining a fingerprint pattern from the biological surface at the fingerprint scanner, where the biometric encryption key is based on the fingerprint pattern.

Systems and methods for a microfluidic biosensor patch and health monitoring system may include an iontophoresis module, a multi-inlet microfluidic sweat collection and sampling module, and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) organic compound sensor module. An iontophoresis module may provide for stimulation of a biofluid sample. A biofluid may be a sweat sample. Stimulation may be achieved via electrostimulation and/or application of hydrogel. A microfluidic sweat collection and sample module may include several adhesive layers with carefully designed inlets, channels, a reservoir, and an outlet for the efficiently collection and sampling of biofluid. A MIP sensor module may quickly and accurately identify concentrations of key metabolites present in a biofluid sample which may indicate certain health conditions.

Systems and methods for a microfluidic biosensor patch and health monitoring system may include an iontophoresis module, a multi-inlet microfluidic sweat collection and sampling module, and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) organic compound sensor module. An iontophoresis module may provide for stimulation of a biofluid sample. A biofluid may be a sweat sample. Stimulation may be achieved via electrostimulation and/or application of hydrogel. A microfluidic sweat collection and sample module may include several adhesive layers with carefully designed inlets, channels, a reservoir, and an outlet for the efficiently collection and sampling of biofluid. A MIP sensor module may quickly and accurately identify concentrations of key metabolites present in a biofluid sample which may indicate certain health conditions.

A system for monitoring fetal wellbeing over time during pregnancy includes a sensor coupled to a pregnant woman; a processor communicatively coupled to the sensor; and a computer-readable medium having non-transitory, processor-executable instructions stored thereon. Execution of the instructions causes the processor to perform a method including: acquiring a signal from a sensor; processing the signal to identify and extract a parameter of interest from the signal; and analyzing the parameter of interest to determine a degree of fetal wellbeing. The parameter of interest may include one or more of: an average fetal heart rate, an average fetal heart rate variability, a fetal kick or movement count, an average placental oxygenation level, an average placental temperature, an average placental pH, an average amount of amniotic fluid, a fetal heart rate profile, a fetal heart rate variability profile, and a fetal movement profile.

Disclose is a dry adhesive patch comprising: a plurality of embossed pillars formed on a substrate; a hemi-spherical adsorbing cup defining a top portion of each pillar, wherein a hemi-spherical hole is defined in a top portion of the adsorbing cup and is exposed to an outside; and an annular extension extending radially from an outer perimeter of a distal end of each adsorbing cup.

Disclose is a dry adhesive patch comprising: a plurality of embossed pillars formed on a substrate; a hemi-spherical adsorbing cup defining a top portion of each pillar, wherein a hemi-spherical hole is defined in a top portion of the adsorbing cup and is exposed to an outside; and an annular extension extending radially from an outer perimeter of a distal end of each adsorbing cup.

Disclosed is a hormone electrochemical biosensor, e.g. an amperometric biosensor, for the detection of a hormone and measurement of the concentration of a hormone. The disclosed hormone biosensor comprises a hormone-catalyzing enzyme, such as KSDH1. Also described herein are systems comprising an amperometric biosensor, e.g., chronoamperometric biosensor and methods of using the chronoamperometric biosensor.

Disclosed is a hormone electrochemical biosensor, e.g. an amperometric biosensor, for the detection of a hormone and measurement of the concentration of a hormone. The disclosed hormone biosensor comprises a hormone-catalyzing enzyme, such as KSDH1. Also described herein are systems comprising an amperometric biosensor, e.g., chronoamperometric biosensor and methods of using the chronoamperometric biosensor.