A quinone derivative is represented by general formula (1). In general formula (1), at least one of R.sup.1-R.sup.3 and at least one of R.sup.4-R.sup.6 each represent, independently of one another, an alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms that has an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms. All other of R.sup.1-R.sup.3 and all other of R.sup.4-R.sup.6 each represent, independently of one another, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.

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Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of suppressing a ghost image. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes, in this order: a support; an intermediate layer containing metal oxide particles; and a photosensitive layer, in which the intermediate layer contains at least one kind of compound X selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the formula (1) and a compound represented by the formula (2).

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An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, and a lamination type photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate and including a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer, in which the charge transport layer contains a charge transport material and a polyester resin, and a mass proportion of a chemical substance (AA) represented by Formula (AA) in a total mass of the charge transport layer is 2,000 ppm or less.

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In Formula (AA), X represents an organic group, and m.sup.AA represents an integer.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a surface layer containing a charge transporting material and a specific polyester resin having a structure including a specific branched chain.

A photoconductor is provided. The photoconductor includes a support, an undercoat layer overlying the support, and a photosensitive layer overlying the undercoat layer. The undercoat layer includes a binder resin and a zinc oxide particle. The photosensitive layer includes a compound represented by the following formula (1):

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where each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represents an alkyl group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.

Provided is a fluorine-containing resin particle dispersion including: fluorine-containing resin particles, a resin which is not dissolved in at least one solvent in a group of hydroxyl group-containing solvents including an alcohol-based solvent having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, containing no aromatic ring in the molecule structure, and a water-based medium, and which is adhered on the surface of the fluorine-containing resin particles, and at least one solvent, in which the resin is not dissolved, in the group of hydroxyl group-containing solvents, in which the fluorine-containing resin particles having the resin adhered on the surface thereof are dispersed.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member, in which occurrences of image defects are suppressed, and a method for manufacturing the electrophotographic photosensitive member are provided. In addition, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus, which include the electrophotographic photosensitive member, are provided. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a cured material, and the cured material is a copolymer of a hole transport compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group and a vinyl ester compound containing a long-chain alkyl group.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, an undercoat layer which contains a metal oxide particle and is formed on the support, a charge generating layer formed on the undercoat layer, and a charge transporting layer formed on the charge generating layer. Either or both of the undercoat layer and the charge generating layer contain a compound represented by formula (1).

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer contains at least a charge generating material, a charge transport material, and a binder resin. The binder resin includes a polyarylate resin. The polyarylate resin is represented by general formula (1) shown below. In general formula (1), X represents a divalent group represented by chemical formula (1-1), (1-2), (1-3), or (1-4) shown below.

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A photoconductor including a conductive support, an undercoat layer, a charge-generating layer, and a charge-transporting layer, at least the undercoat layer, the charge-generating layer, and the charge-transporting layer being disposed on the conductive support in an order mentioned, wherein the undercoat layer includes a binder resin and metal oxide particles, and the charge-generating layer includes a binder resin, a titanyl phthalocyanine pigment, and a salicylic acid derivative.