The toner for electrostatic charge development includes a toner particle including: a toner base particle containing a binder resin and a release agent; and an external additive containing titanium dioxide. The number fraction of the toner particle containing the titanium dioxide is 0.1% or more and 2.0% or less.

Herein is disclosed an electrostatic ink composition, wherein the composition is formable by combining: chargeable particles comprising a resin comprising a polymer having acidic side groups, and a cyclic anhydride. Also disclosed herein is a method of forming an electrostatic ink composition, and a method of electrostatic printing.

The disclosure concerns an electrostatic latent image developer including: a toner having toner base particles and an external additive; and a carrier, wherein the external additive contains silicone oil-treated silica and titanium oxide, Net intensity of titanium (Ti) in the toner to be measured by X-ray fluorescence analysis is 0.5 to 5 kcps, the carrier has a resin coating layer coating core material particles, and the resin coating layer has a constituent unit formed from an alicyclic (meth)acrylic acid ester.

Methods of forming a toner are provided. In embodiments, such a method comprises forming a toner from a mixture of at least one resin, at least one wax, and optionally, at least one colorant, wherein the at least one wax is of a type and is present at an amount which are selected to provide a predetermined PER.sub.10 value for the toner; and measuring a PER.sub.10 value for the toner, wherein the measured PER.sub.10 value for the toner is equal to or less than the predetermined PER.sub.10 value. Toners formed using the methods are also provided.

Methods of forming a toner are provided. In embodiments, such a method comprises forming a toner from a mixture of at least one resin, at least one wax, and optionally, at least one colorant, wherein the at least one wax is of a type and is present at an amount which are selected to provide a predetermined PER.sub.10 value for the toner; and measuring a PER.sub.10 value for the toner, wherein the measured PER.sub.10 value for the toner is equal to or less than the predetermined PER.sub.10 value. Toners formed using the methods are also provided.

The present invention relates to a process for producing a toner for electrophotography that is excellent in the low-temperature fusing property, the initial image quality after storage, and the document offset property. A process for producing a toner for electrophotography, including step 1: melt-mixing a mixture containing a crystalline resin (C) and ester wax (W) having a dipentaerythritol unit as a constitutional component, wherein a difference |C.sub.mpW.sub.mp| between a melting point C.sub.mp of the crystalline resin (C) and a melting point W.sub.mp of the ester wax (W) is 30 C. or less, and the melt-mixing is performed at a temperature K.sub.t that is the melting point C.sub.mp or more and the melting point W.sub.mp or more.

The external additive for toner includes an external additive particle containing: a base particle A; and a plurality of convex forming particles B each configured to form a convex portion on a surface of the base particle A. The base particle A and the convex forming particles B are particles each containing a silicon compound having a siloxane bond, and a chemical bond is formed between the base particle A and each of the convex forming particles B. The base particle A and the convex forming particles B each have a total content of the following unit (a), unit (b), and unit (c) of 80 mass % or more and 100 mass % or less:

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where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent an alkyl group having 1 or more and 6 or less carbon atoms.

Provided here are toners and image forming apparatus and methods for the formation of a bright image with excellent brightness and concealability. A bright toner according to an embodiment comprises a plurality of toner particles containing a bright pigment and a binder resin, and has a volume particle diameter distribution with a coefficient of variation CV of 0.26 or more.

The toner for electrostatic charge development includes a toner particle including: a toner base particle containing a binder resin and a release agent; and an external additive containing titanium dioxide. The number fraction of the toner particle containing the titanium dioxide is 0.1% or more and 2.0% or less.

A toner including a parent toner particle comprising at least one resin, an optional colorant, an optional wax; and a surface additive formulation disposed on a surface of the parent toner particle; wherein the surface additive formulation comprises a silicone fluid treated aluminum oxide.