A toner according to an embodiment includes a colorant, a binder resin, and an ester wax. The colorant, the binder resin and the ester wax form a toner particle. The ester wax contains two or more ester compounds represented by the general formula R.sup.1COOR.sup.2, where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently is an alkyl group. The total number of carbon atoms of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is in a range from 31 to 53. The two or more ester compounds have different number of carbon atoms from each other.

A white toner according to an embodiment includes: a raw white toner not containing a colloidal silica and containing a white pigment and a crystalline resin; and 1.0 to 1.1 parts by weight of a colloidal silica per 100 parts by weight of the raw white toner. The white toner has a true density of 1.8 to 2.2 g/cm.sup.3.

A toner including a resin; and a colorant wax comprising a plurality of colorant wax particles comprising a colorant core surrounded by a wax shell, wherein the colorant wax particles exhibit a particle size distribution of from about 150 nanometers to less than about 300 nanometers; and wherein the colorant wax is prepared by (a) melting and mixing a dry colorant with at least one wax to form a colorant concentrate, wherein the colorant concentrate contains at least 25 percent by weight of colorant; (b) milling the colorant concentrate of step (a) to form a milled colorant concentrate; (c) combining the milled colorant concentrate of (b) with water and dispersing to form the plurality of colorant wax particles; wherein the melting and mixing of step (a) and the milling of step (b) is done in an immersion media mill; and wherein the combining of step (c) is done using a piston homogenizer.

The disclosure concerns an electrostatic latent image developer including: a toner having toner base particles and an external additive; and a carrier, wherein the external additive contains silicone oil-treated silica and titanium oxide, Net intensity of titanium (Ti) in the toner to be measured by X-ray fluorescence analysis is 0.5 to 5 kcps, the carrier has a resin coating layer coating core material particles, and the resin coating layer has a constituent unit formed from an alicyclic (meth)acrylic acid ester.

An apparatus and method of manufacturing a white dry ink pulverized toner including a resin and 15%-45% TiO2 pigment having a mean size of 100-350 nm melt mixed with the resin in a twin screw extruder resulting in an extruded mix. The extruded mix is pulverized in a fluid bed jet mill. Fines of the pulverized extruded mix less than 5 microns may be removed from the pulverized extruded mix by classification leaving pulverized particles having a mean size of 6-12 microns. The pulverized particles are blended in a mixer with surface additives including silica and ZnSt, and the white dry ink pulverized toner has a developer charge between 5 and 50 C/gram and a Lightness (L*) of at least 75 at a toner mass per unit area (TMA) of at most 1.2 mg/cm.sup.2.

Herein is disclosed an electrostatic ink composition, wherein the composition is formable by combining: chargeable particles comprising a resin comprising a polymer having acidic side groups, and a cyclic anhydride. Also disclosed herein is a method of forming an electrostatic ink composition, and a method of electrostatic printing.

An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes toner particles containing a binder resin and a white pigment, wherein, in a particle size distribution of a maximum Feret diameter of particles of the white pigment present in the toner particle, a ratio of particles of the white pigment having a maximum Feret diameter of 200 nm or more and less than 400 nm is 50% by number or more with respect to the entire particles of the white pigment, and a maximum value of a frequency with respect to particles of the white pigment having a maximum Feret diameter of 650 nm or more and less than 1,000 nm is larger than a minimum value of a frequency with respect to particles of the white pigment having a maximum Feret diameter of 500 nm or more and less than 650 nm.

Provided is a method for producing a toner particle including a step of condensing a raw slurry by using a decanter-type centrifugal separator, in an aqueous medium. The step of condensing the raw slurry is carried out under following conditions: a centrifugal force is at least 500 G and less than 4000 G and a temperature is at least Tg10 C. and not more than Tg+10 C. And a ratio of a colored particles in condensed slurry is within a prescribed range.

Herein is disclosed an electrostatic ink composition, wherein the composition is formable by combining: chargeable particles comprising a resin comprising a polymer having acidic side groups, and a cyclic anhydride. Also disclosed herein is a method of forming an electrostatic ink composition, and a method of electrostatic printing.

A toner according to an embodiment includes a colorant, a binder resin, and an ester wax. The colorant, the binder resin and the ester wax form a toner particle. The ester wax contains two or more ester compounds represented by the general formula R.sup.1COOR.sup.2, where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently is an alkyl group. The total number of carbon atoms of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is in a range from 31 to 53. The two or more ester compounds have different number of carbon atoms from each other.