An electrophotographic apparatus comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging device, and a developing device, wherein the charging device comprises a conductive member arranged to be capable of contacting the electrophotographic photosensitive member, a conductive layer on the conductive member outer surface comprises a matrix and a plurality of domains dispersed in the matrix, at least some of the domains are exposed at the conductive member outer surface, the matrix has a volume resistivity of larger than 1.0010.sup.12 .Math.cm and is 1.010.sup.5 times or more one of the domains, the developing device comprises the toner comprising a toner particle, fine particles A and B, the fine particle A has a volume resistivity of 1.010.sup.3 to 1.010.sup.10 .Math.cm, and the fine particle B is silica fine particle and having a volume resistivity of 1.010.sup.11 to 1.010.sup.17 .Math.cm.

A toner comprising a toner particle, wherein the toner has G1 of from 5.010.sup.13 to 1.010.sup.10, and a ratio G2/G1 of G2 to G1 is from 0.10 to 0.60, when a conductivity of the toner measured at a frequency of 0.01 Hz under a pressure of 1,000 kPa is designated by G1 in S/m, and a conductivity of the toner measured at a frequency of 0.01 Hz under a pressure of 100 kPa is designated by G2 in S/m.

A toner containing a toner particle, wherein, when a dielectric loss tangent measured at a frequency of 10 kHz in an impedance measurement on the toner in an environment having a temperature of 50 C. and a relative humidity of 50% RH is designated by tan 50 C.(1), and a dielectric loss tangent measured at a frequency of 10 kHz in an impedance measurement on the toner in an environment having a temperature of 30 C. and a relative humidity of 50% RH after the impedance measurement on the toner in an environment having a temperature of 50 C. and a relative humidity of 50% RH is designated by tan 30 C.(2), tan 50 C.(1) is from 0.015 to 0.050, the relationship tan 50 C.(1)>tan 30 C.(2) is satisfied, and tan 30 C.(2)/tan 50 C.(1) is from 0.25 to 0.66.

A toner comprising a toner particle, wherein the toner particle includes a binder resin, where a volume resistivity .Math.cm of an unfixed solid image on a recording material on which the solid image has been formed using the toner at a toner laid-on level of 0.4 mg/cm.sup.2 is denoted by Tv, and a volume resistivity .Math.cm of the solid image after fixing by applying heat and pressure to the recording material is denoted by Fv, Tv/Fv8 is satisfied.

A toner including a toner particle, wherein the toner particle includes a toner base particle containing a binder resin, and a shell on the surface of the toner base particle; the shell contains a metal compound and an organosilicon polymer; the shell has at least an exposed portion of the metal compound and an exposed portion of the organosilicon polymer, on the surface of the toner particle; and in an analysis of a cross section of the toner particle by TEM-EDX, Ha (nm) and Hb (nm) which are average distances from the interface of the toner base particle and the shell up to the toner particle surface at the exposed portion of the metal compound and at the exposed portion of the organosilicon polymer, respectively, on the toner particle surface, satisfy Expression (1) below:

An image forming apparatus is provided that includes: first and second electrostatic latent image bearers; first and second electrostatic latent image forming devices; first and second developing devices configured to develop first and second electrostatic latent images with a colored toner and a special-color toner to form a colored toner image and a special-color toner image, respectively; a primary transfer device configured to transfer the colored toner image and the special-color toner image onto an intermediate image bearer in an overlapping manner to form a composite toner image; a secondary transfer device configured to transfer the composite toner image onto a recording medium; and a fixing device configured to fix the composite toner image thereon. The special-color toner comprises plate-like and/or film-like pigments. An absolute difference in volume resistivity between the special-color toner and the colored toner is 0.30 log cm or less.

A toner including: a toner particle including a toner base particle containing a binder resin, and an organosilicon condensate present on a surface of the toner base particle, wherein a charge attenuation constant of the toner is 3.510.sup.3 or more to 1.010.sup.0 or less.

A toner including a toner particle including a binder resin, wherein fine particles A and B are present on a surface of the toner particle; the fine particles A are a fatty acid metal salt; the fine particles B have a specific volume resistivity; an average theoretical surface area of the toner particle, an amount of the fine particles A, and a coverage ratio of the toner particle surface by the fine particles A satisfy a specific relationship; the amount of the fine particles B is in a specific range; and a proportion F of an area occupied by a part of the fine particles B embedded in a surface vicinity region of the toner in a total area occupied by the fine particles B present in a cross section of one particle of the toner is 50% by area or more.

A toner comprises a toner particle and an external additive, the toner satisfies a certain relationship with regard to l (C/m.sup.2) and s (C/m.sup.2). The toner is divided into two groups i.e. a first group and a second group with inertial classifier, the first group including a larger size of the toner particles, and the second group including a smaller size of the toner particles, and the number of the toner particles in the first group being substantially equal to the number of the toner particles in the second group. Then, al (C/m.sup.2) represents an absolute value of average surface charge density of the toner included in the first group, and s (C/m.sup.2) represents an absolute value of average surface charge density of the toner included in the second group.

A toner having an inorganic fine particle and a toner particle containing a binder resin, wherein the binder resin contains a polymer A having a first monomer unit derived from a first polymerizable monomer and a second monomer unit derived from a second polymerizable monomer that is different from the first polymerizable monomer, the first polymerizable monomer is selected from the (meth)acrylic acid esters each having a C.sub.18-36 alkyl group, the content of the first monomer unit in the polymer A is within a specific range, the SP value of the first monomer unit and the SP value of the second monomer unit are in a specific relationship to one another, the inorganic fine particle is surface treated with a compound having an alkyl group, and the volume resistivity of the inorganic fine particle is within a specific range.