An electrostatic image developer includes a toner including toner particles that include a binder resin and a release agent and have an exposure ratio of the release agent of 15% or more and 30% or less, and a carrier including magnetic particles and resin cover layers covering the magnetic particles and including inorganic particles, wherein the inorganic particles have an arithmetic average particle size of 5 nm or more and 90 nm or less, the resin cover layers have an average thickness of 0.6 μm or more and 1.4 μm or less, and a fine-irregularity-structure surface roughness of surfaces of the carrier three-dimensionally analyzed has, in an analysis region, a ratio B/A of an irregularity-surface area B to a plan-view area A of 1.020 or more and 1.100 or less.

A toner, comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin and a water-soluble polyvalent metal salt, wherein a main component of the binder resin is a polyester resin having specific acid value, the water-soluble polyvalent metal salt is a chloride, nitrate or sulfate of the specific metal, the water-soluble polyvalent metal salt has a solubility in water at 25° C. of 30 to 200 g/100 mL, in a cross-sectional observation of the toner particle, a proportion of the area of domains having a concrete surface area, relative to the total area of domains derived from the water-soluble polyvalent metal salt, is 80 to 100 area %, the expression below is satisfied, where At (area %) denotes the proportion of the total area of domains and Fm (atomic %) denotes the proportion of the polyvalent metal atom relative to the atoms in the toner as detected by X-ray fluorescence analysis.

0.02≤At/Fm≤0.10

A toner is comprised of toner particles and external additive adhering to the surface of the toner particles. The toner particles are formed from a binder resin, an ester wax, and a colorant. The external additive comprises a titanium oxide and silica. A first adhesive strength between the external additive and the toner base particles is in a range of 90 to 100% when measured as a ratio of X-ray spectroscopic intensity of titanium for toner particles before and after a washing process, and a second adhesive strength between the external additive and the toner base particles is in a range of 50 to 80% when measured as a ratio of X-ray spectroscopic intensity of silicon measured for toner before and after another washing process.

An electrostatic image developer includes a toner containing toner particles, a carrier, and an external additive containing titanium dioxide particles of two types having different refractive indexes, fatty acid metal salt particles, and an abrasive.

An image formation apparatus according to an embodiment may include: a first image formation section configured to form a first image of a developer containing a lustrous pigment; a second image formation section configured to form a second image of a dyeing developer; and a transfer section configured to transfer the first image and the second image on a medium such that the first image and the second image are stacked to each other on the medium.

A toner includes toner base particles. Each of the toner base particles includes a binder resin, a colorant, and inorganic filler. An atomic concentration % of Al in the toner base particles as measured by XRF is 0.35 or greater but 0.85 or less. The toner satisfies 0.8<(M1/M2)/(M3/M4)<1.2. M1 is an atomic concentration % of Al in the toner base particles as measured by XPS, M2 is the atomic concentration % of Al in the toner base particles as measured by XRF, and M3 is an atomic concentration % of Al in particles as measured by XPS, and M4 is an atomic concentration % of Al in the particles as measured by XRF. The particles are particles obtained by classifying the toner base particles into 6/5 Dv, and Dv is a volume average particle diameter of the toner base particles.

An image forming apparatus includes plural image forming units and a controller. The plural image forming units are configured to form images of colors using colorants, respectively. The controller is configured to perform control such that the plural images formed by the plural image forming units are output as one image onto a recording medium. At least two of the image forming units are configured to form images using colorants of special colors, respectively and are arranged in succession.

An image forming method includes supplying powder having metallic luster on a resin image arranged on a recording medium, wherein a color value of the resin image and a color value of the powder on the recording medium satisfy the following Equation (1):
{(L*.sub.p−L*.sub.i−40).sup.2+(a*.sub.p−a*.sub.i).sup.2+(b*.sub.p−b*.sub.i).sup.2}.sup.1/2≤20  (1)
wherein
L*.sub.p, a*.sub.p, and b*.sub.p represent color values of the powder, and
L*.sub.i, a*.sub.i, and b*.sub.i represent color values of the resin image on the recording medium.

An electroluminescent cell can comprise a first electrode; a second electrode; and an electroluminescent layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The second electrode can comprise a light-transmitting electrode layer that can comprise electrically conductive regions interspersed by light-transmitting regions. The light-transmitting regions can have higher light-transmissivity than the electrically conductive regions.

An image forming method includes supplying powder having metallic luster on a resin image arranged on a recording medium, wherein a color value of the resin image and a color value of the powder on the recording medium satisfy the following Equation (1):

{(L*.sub.p−L*.sub.i−40).sup.2+(a*.sub.p−a*.sub.i).sup.2+(b*.sub.p−b*.sub.i).sup.2}.sup.1/2≤20  (1)

wherein L*.sub.p, a*.sub.p, and b*.sub.p represent color values of the powder, and
L*.sub.i, a*.sub.i, and b*.sub.i represent color values of the resin image on the recording medium.