A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin and an ester compound, wherein: the binder resin comprises a resin A comprising a specific amount of a long-chain acrylate unit and a styrene-based monomer unit, and a resin B comprising a specific monomer unit in a specific amount; the ester compound has an alkyl chain with a specific chain length, a content of the resin A in the chloroform-soluble portion of the toner particles is 60% by mass or more; and using SPm (J/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2 for a SP value of the long-chain acrylate unit and using SPw (J/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2 for a SP value of the ester compound, SPm is 18.00 to 19.00, and SPm and SPw satisfy formula (a).

|SPm−SPw|≤1.50  (a)

A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin and a release agent, wherein the binder resin comprises a crystalline resin A, the crystalline resin A comprises a monomer unit derived from a monomer (a), the monomer (a) is at least one selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid esters having an alkyl group with 18 to 36 carbon atoms, the peak temperature and endothermic quantity at an endothermic peak derived from the crystalline resin A in DSC measurements using the toner satisfy specific relationships, and the release agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon-based waxes and ester waxes.

Provided is an electrostatic charge image developing toner containing at least toner particles, wherein the toner particles contain an amorphous vinyl resin, an amorphous polyester resin, a crystalline polyester resin, and an ester wax; the crystalline polyester resin is a crystalline polyester resin obtained by polycondensation of a dicarboxylic acid having a number of carbon atoms in the range of 9 to 14 and a dialcohol having a number of carbon atoms in the range of 9 to 14; the amorphous polyester resin is an amorphous polyester resin containing a constituent unit derived from a dicarboxylic acid having a number of carbon atoms in the range of 9 to 14 or a dialcohol having a number of carbon atoms in the range of 9 to 14; and a sum of the number of carbon atoms of the dicarboxylic acid and the dialcohol is in the range of 18 to 24.

Provided are a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each capable of suppressing an image defect (coarseness in a halftone image) caused by toner scattering in association with a charging failure that occurs when the process speed of the electrophotographic apparatus is further increased. The process cartridge includes: an electrophotographic photosensitive member; and a developing unit, which includes a toner storing portion that stores a toner, and which supplies the toner to a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a surface protective layer containing an electroconductive particle in an appropriate amount, and the volume resistivity of the surface protective layer is controlled. As the toner, there is used a toner in which an organosilicon polymer is present on the surface of a toner particle, a silanol group is present in part of the organosilicon polymer, and the amount of the silanol group is controlled.

According to one embodiment, a toner contains a toner mother particle and an external additive. The toner mother particle contains a crystalline polyester resin and a specific ester wax. The external additive contains silica A having a D.sub.50 of 10 nm to 14 nm and monodispersed silica B having a D.sub.50 of 90 nm to 150 nm. The following conditions are satisfied. Content of silica A: 0.1 parts by mass to 0.8 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the toner mother particle. Content of silica B: 0.3 parts by mass to 1.2 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the toner mother particle. Ratio (content of silica B/content of silica A): 1.0 to 5.0. Residual ratio X of silica A: 70% or more. Residual ratio Y of silica B: 30% or more. Ratio (residual ratio X/residual ratio Y): 1.0 to 3.0.

An electrostatic charge image developing toner has toner particles that contain a binder resin, a release agent, and resin particles, in which a loss coefficient tan δ (1%) of the resin particles at a melting temperature Tw of the release agent and a strain of 1% and a loss coefficient tan δ (100%) of the resin particles at the melting temperature Tw of the release agent and a strain of 100% satisfy the following Expression (1) and the following Expression (2).

0.02≤tan δ(1%)≤0.5  Expression (1):

0.4≤tan δ(100%)−tan δ(1%)≤2.0  Expression (2):

A toner includes toner base particles each containing a binder resin and a release agent, and resin particles on a surface of each of the toner base particles. A ratio (Iw/Ir) is 0.10 or more and 0.30 or less, where Ir is a peak height of the binder resin and Iw is a peak height of the release agent, as measured through attenuated total reflection (ATR). A standard deviation σ (nm) of distances L (nm) between the resin particles that are adjacent to each other on the surface of each of the toner base particles is 150 nm or more and 500 nm or less.

A toner comprising a toner particle comprising an organic pigment and a binder resin, wherein, in a solid-state NMR measurement at 60° C. using a solid fraction obtained by specific procedure for dissolving the toner in chloroform as a sample, a transverse relaxation time T2 of a peak observed between 1.5 and 2.5 ppm is from 0.08 to 0.13 ms.

A toner includes a release agent. The release agent includes a hydrocarbon compound having 2 or more and 16 or less carbon atoms. A content of the hydrocarbon compound having 2 or more and 16 or less carbon atoms, in the release agent, is 1000 ppm or more in terms of toluene, as determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The hydrocarbon compound having 2 or more and 16 or less carbon atoms includes a hydrocarbon compound having a retention time of 7 minutes or more and less than 8 minutes determined by the gas chromatography mass spectrometry.

A chemically prepared toner composition made up of a toner particle with a core having a first polymer binder, a monomer free radical polymerization formed core shell styrene acrylic latex having a liquid gel core, a pigment, a wax, and a shell formed around the core including a second polymer binder and method to make the same is disclosed. An optional borax coupling agent can be placed between the outer surface of the core and the shell to assist in the binding of the polymer found in the shell onto the surface of the toner core containing the first polymer.