A toner contains toner particles that include a binding resin, a crystalline resin, an ester wax and a dispersant. The binding resin includes an amorphous polyester resin, and the dispersant includes an acrylic copolymer resin or a hybrid resin of the amorphous polyester resin and a styrene resin. When an endothermic peak temperature that is derived from the ester wax in a temperature rise is represented by T1, an exothermic peak temperature that is derived from the ester wax in cooling is represented by T2, a peak temperature of the crystalline resin is represented by Tc and the endothermic peak temperature, the exothermic peak temperature and the peak temperature are measured with a differential scanning calorimeter, T2<Tc<T1 is satisfied, and T1 is greater than 65° C. and less than 85° C.

The present disclosure provides a toner excellent in low-temperature fixability and excellent in durability under harsh environments of high-temperature and high-humidity, and a method for producing the toner. The toner can contain: a toner particle containing a binder resin, wax, and an inorganic oxide particle; and an external additive, wherein the inorganic oxide particle contains, as a main component, an oxide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si, Mg, Al, Ti, and Sr; when a thin piece obtained by cutting the toner with a microtome is observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM), the major axis A of the inorganic oxide particle is 0.10 to 3.00 μm; and in a wettability test of the toner with respect to a methanol/water mixed solvent, a methanol concentration at a transmittance of light having a wavelength of 780 nm of 50% is 5.0 to 30.0% by volume.

A toner is provided. The toner comprises toner particles each comprising a toner base particle and an external additive. The toner base particle comprises a binder resin and a colorant. The toner satisfies the following conditions (a) and (b): (a) an average surface roughness Ra [nm] of the toner particles, detected by a scanning probe microscope analyzer, satisfies the following formula (1):

10<Ra<200  Formula (1); and (b) the external additive comprises coalesced particles being non-spherical secondary particles in which primary particles are coalesced with each other, the coalesced particles having a number average particle diameter of 50 nm or more.

A toner containing a toner particle that contains a binder resin and a crystalline material, wherein, in measurement of powder dynamic viscoelasticity of the toner, when T(A)° C. is taken as an onset temperature for a storage elastic modulus E′ obtained at a ramp rate of 20° C./min, EA′(100) Pa is taken as a storage elastic modulus at 100° C. obtained at a ramp rate of 20° C./min, and T(B)° C. is taken as an onset temperature for a storage elastic modulus E′ obtained at a ramp rate of 5° C./min, T(A)−T(B) is 3.0° C. or less, T(A) is from 45.0° C. to 70.0° C., and EA′(100) is from 4.0×10.sup.9 Pa to 6.5×10.sup.9 Pa.

An electrostatic image developing toner includes an amorphous polyester resin, a crystalline polyester resin, and C.I. Pigment Red 57:1, wherein a Net intensity N.sub.Mg of an Mg element, the Net intensity N.sub.Mg of being determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis, is 0.10 kcps or more and 0.40 kcps or less.

A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin, a hydrocarbon wax A, and an ester wax B, wherein assuming that a ratio of a peak intensity attributed to the hydrocarbon wax A to a peak intensity attributed to the binder resin in heating IR measurement in which the toner is held at 100° C. for 10 min is I, where an initial peak intensity ratio upon heating to 100° C. is denoted by I(ini) and a peak intensity ratio upon heating to 100° C. and holding for 10 min is denoted by I(10 min), the I(ini) and the I(10 min) satisfy a following formula (1):

I(ini)/I(10 min)≤0.95  (1).

The present disclosure provides a toner having excellent low-temperature fixing, heat-resistant-storage property, cleaning performance, and filming resistance. A toner containing toner base particles having a crystalline polyester resin and an amorphous polyester resin includes a plurality of organic particles disposed at least partially embedded in a surface of the toner base particles. A percentage of the crystalline polyester resin occupying the surface of the toner base particles is 4% to 20%, a volume average particle size of the organic particles is 10 nm to 40 nm, and a standard deviation of a distance between adjacent particles of the organic particles that are not in contact is 500 nm or less.

A toner includes: a crystalline polyester resin; and a partially hydrogenated petroleum resin. A hydrogenation rate of the partially hydrogenated petroleum resin is from 30% through 70%. An amount of the partially hydrogenated petroleum resin relative to the toner is from 1% by mass through 15% by mass.

A toner containing a toner particle, wherein, when a dielectric loss tangent measured at a frequency of 10 kHz in an impedance measurement on the toner in an environment having a temperature of 50° C. and a relative humidity of 50% RH is designated by tan δ50° C.(1), and a dielectric loss tangent measured at a frequency of 10 kHz in an impedance measurement on the toner in an environment having a temperature of 30° C. and a relative humidity of 50% RH after the impedance measurement on the toner in an environment having a temperature of 50° C. and a relative humidity of 50% RH is designated by tan δ30° C.(2), tan δ50° C.(1) is from 0.015 to 0.050, the relationship tan δ50° C.(1)>tan δ30° C.(2) is satisfied, and tan δ30° C.(2)/tan δ50° C.(1) is from 0.25 to 0.66.

A toner including a toner particle containing a binder resin containing an amorphous polyester A and a crystalline polyester C, and a wax, and a silica fine particle, wherein the content of the crystalline polyester C is within a specific range, the softening point of the amorphous polyester A satisfies a specific relationship, and in an X-ray diffraction spectrum under a specific temperature condition for the toner, there is a peak corresponding to the crystalline polyester C, a wax index A.sub.W1 and a crystalline polyester index A.sub.C1 of the toner satisfy a specific relationship, the silica fine particle contains a silica fine particle A having a maximum diameter of primary particle in a specific range, and the average coverages of the surface of the toner before and after the toner is treated with hexane with the silica fine particle A satisfy a specific relationship.