Some embodiments relate to an electrophoretic ink including particles that may have a negative charge, dispersed in a non-polar organic solvent. The ink includes a trialkylamine charge-control agent, selected from the following charge-control agents: tributylamine, triisobutylamine, tripentylamine, trihexylamine, tri(2-ethylhexyl)amine, trioctylamine, triisooctylamine, tridodecylamine, triisododecylamine. The particles have a hydrophobic surface and an isoelectric point (IEP) or a point of zero charge (PZC) that is lower than the pKa of the charge-control agent.

According to an example, a resin, a carrier liquid, and a pearlescent pigment may be mixed to form a liquid electrophotographic ink.

According to an example, a resin, a carrier liquid, and a pearlescent pigment may be mixed to form a liquid electrophotographic ink.

A liquid developer containing a liquid carrier and a toner particle that is insoluble in the liquid carrier, wherein a particular substructure is bonded through a covalent bond to a surface of the toner particle, and a method of producing a liquid developer containing a liquid carrier and a toner particle that is insoluble in the liquid carrier, the method comprising a step (I) of covalently bonding, to a surface of the toner particle, a compound having a particular substructure.

A liquid developer containing a liquid carrier and a toner particle that is insoluble in the liquid carrier, wherein a particular substructure is bonded through a covalent bond to a surface of the toner particle, and a method of producing a liquid developer containing a liquid carrier and a toner particle that is insoluble in the liquid carrier, the method comprising a step (I) of covalently bonding, to a surface of the toner particle, a compound having a particular substructure.

A liquid developer containing toner particles containing a resin binder and a colorant, a dispersant, and an insulating liquid, wherein the resin binder contains a polyester-based resin, and wherein the insulating liquid contains 50% by mass or more of a saturated fatty acid ester which is an ester of a saturated fatty acid and an alcohol having 3 or more carbon atoms. The liquid developer of the present invention is suitably used in development or the like of latent images formed in, for example, electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method or the like.

A liquid developer containing toner particles containing a resin binder and a colorant, a dispersant, and an insulating liquid, wherein the resin binder contains a polyester-based resin, and wherein the insulating liquid contains 50% by mass or more of a saturated fatty acid ester which is an ester of a saturated fatty acid and an alcohol having 3 or more carbon atoms. The liquid developer of the present invention is suitably used in development or the like of latent images formed in, for example, electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method or the like.

Provided is a liquid developer containing a carrier liquid with an SP value of not more than 8.20, a toner particle that is insoluble in the carrier liquid, and a toner particle dispersing agent, wherein the toner particle contains a polyester resin with an acid value of from 5 mg KOH/g to 50 mg KOH/g, a number-average molecular weight of the polyester resin is from 3,500 to 20,000, the toner particle dispersing agent is a polymer having a primary amino group, an amine value of the polymer having the primary amino group is from 30 mg KOH/g to 200 mg KOH/g, and a ratio of a total number of acid groups in the polyester resin relative to a total number of amino groups in the polymer having the primary amino group is from 1.0 to 10.0.

Provided is a liquid developer containing a carrier liquid with an SP value of not more than 8.20, a toner particle that is insoluble in the carrier liquid, and a toner particle dispersing agent, wherein the toner particle contains a polyester resin with an acid value of from 5 mg KOH/g to 50 mg KOH/g, a number-average molecular weight of the polyester resin is from 3,500 to 20,000, the toner particle dispersing agent is a polymer having a primary amino group, an amine value of the polymer having the primary amino group is from 30 mg KOH/g to 200 mg KOH/g, and a ratio of a total number of acid groups in the polyester resin relative to a total number of amino groups in the polymer having the primary amino group is from 1.0 to 10.0.

An electrostatic ink composition is disclosed. The electrostatic ink composition can comprise: a liquid carrier; and particles dispersed in the liquid carrier, wherein the particles comprise a thermoplastic resin, and a metal or metal alloy pigment having a melting of point of less than about 200 C. The metal or metal alloy pigment can have a diameter of from about 0.01 m to about 50 m.