A toner including at least a crystalline resin as a binder resin, wherein a tetrahydrofuran soluble content of the toner includes 5.0% or more as a peak area of a component having a molecular weight of 100,000 or greater in a molecular weight distribution measured by gel permeation chromatography, and the tetrahydrofuran soluble content of the toner has a weight-average molecular weight of 20,000 to 60,000.

Provided is a dispersant for liquid development represented by general formula (1):

##STR00001##

where R.sup.1 represents a monovalent organic group having a polar group, A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 each represent an oxygen or sulfur atom, L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 each represent a divalent organic linking group, X represents a (m+n)-valent organic linking group having an alkyleneoxy group, P.sup.1 represents a polymer chain containing a unit represented by general formula (2), and m and n each represent a number of 1 to 9, with m+n being an integer of 2 to 10:

##STR00002##

where R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, L.sup.3 represents a carbonyloxy, oxycarbonyl, carbonyl, or phenylene group, and R.sup.4 represents a monovalent organic group having at least one selected from a carboxy group, a polyoxyalkylene group, an amino group, a sulfo group, and derivatives of the foregoing.

An ultraviolet-curable liquid developer contains a cationically polymerizable liquid monomer, a photoinitiator, and a toner particle insoluble in the cationically polymerizable liquid monomer. The cationically polymerizable liquid monomer is a vinyl ether compound, and the photoinitiator is a compound having a particular structure.

An ultraviolet-curable liquid developer contains a cationically polymerizable liquid monomer, a photoinitiator, and a toner particle insoluble in the cationically polymerizable liquid monomer. The cationically polymerizable liquid monomer is a vinyl ether compound, and the photoinitiator is a compound having a particular structure.

A magnetic carrier including a magnetic core and a coating resin configured to coat the surface of the magnetic core. The coating resin contains a graft resin A and a graft resin B. The coating resin (i) contains 1.0 mass % or more and 50.0 mass % or less of the graft resin A, and (ii) contains 50.0 mass % or more and 99.0 mass % or less of the graft resin B. The graft resin A has a unit Y1 represented by formula (1) and a unit Y2 represented by formula (2). The graft resin B (i) is a comb-shaped polymer having, as a branch, at least one moiety selected from, for example, a styrene-based polymer moiety and a (meth)acrylate-based polymer moiety, and (ii) contains the polysiloxane structure moiety at a content of 0.1 mass % or less.

##STR00001##

A method for producing a liquid developer containing a resin binder, a colorant, and an insulating liquid, the resin binder containing a polyester resin A comprising a constituting unit derived from an alcohol component and a constituting unit derived from a carboxylic acid component containing an acid modified product A of an α-olefin polymer having 3 or more carbon atoms and 18 or less carbon atoms, including: step I: stirring raw materials containing the resin binder and the colorant or raw materials containing the resin binder, the colorant, and a part of the insulating liquid at a temperature of equal to or higher than a glass transition temperature of the resin binder; and step II: adding dropwise the insulating liquid to a stirred mixture of the step I in an amount to make a total of the amounts used in the step I and the step II of 50 parts by mass or more and 500 parts by mass or less, based on 100 parts by mass of a total amount of the resin binder and the colorant at a temperature of equal to or higher than a glass transition temperature of the resin binder, thereby carrying out a phase inversion emulsification, to provide a dispersion of toner particles. The liquid developer obtained by the method of the present invention is suitably used for development or the like of latent images formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method or the like.

A method for producing a liquid developer containing a resin binder, a colorant, and an insulating liquid, the resin binder containing a polyester resin A comprising a constituting unit derived from an alcohol component and a constituting unit derived from a carboxylic acid component containing an acid modified product A of an α-olefin polymer having 3 or more carbon atoms and 18 or less carbon atoms, including: step I: stirring raw materials containing the resin binder and the colorant or raw materials containing the resin binder, the colorant, and a part of the insulating liquid at a temperature of equal to or higher than a glass transition temperature of the resin binder; and step II: adding dropwise the insulating liquid to a stirred mixture of the step I in an amount to make a total of the amounts used in the step I and the step II of 50 parts by mass or more and 500 parts by mass or less, based on 100 parts by mass of a total amount of the resin binder and the colorant at a temperature of equal to or higher than a glass transition temperature of the resin binder, thereby carrying out a phase inversion emulsification, to provide a dispersion of toner particles. The liquid developer obtained by the method of the present invention is suitably used for development or the like of latent images formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method or the like.

In an aspect, there is provided a method of foil printing that may comprise providing a substrate having a surface comprising a first area and a second area, wherein the first area has printed thereon a first electrostatic ink composition comprising a first thermoplastic resin and substantially lacking a pigment and the second area has printed thereon a second electrostatic ink composition comprising a second thermoplastic resin and a pigment; applying a liquid solvent composition to the first electrostatic ink composition on the first area and the second electrostatic ink composition on the second area, to swell the first and second thermoplastic resins; and contacting a foiling material with the first electrostatic ink composition on the first area, such that the foiling material selectively adheres to the first area on the surface of the substrate. In another aspect, an electrostatic and foil printing system for performing the method is provided.

In an aspect, there is provided a method of foil printing that may comprise providing a substrate having a surface comprising a first area and a second area, wherein the first area has printed thereon a first electrostatic ink composition comprising a first thermoplastic resin and substantially lacking a pigment and the second area has printed thereon a second electrostatic ink composition comprising a second thermoplastic resin and a pigment; applying a liquid solvent composition to the first electrostatic ink composition on the first area and the second electrostatic ink composition on the second area, to swell the first and second thermoplastic resins; and contacting a foiling material with the first electrostatic ink composition on the first area, such that the foiling material selectively adheres to the first area on the surface of the substrate. In another aspect, an electrostatic and foil printing system for performing the method is provided.

Described herein is a liquid electrostatic ink composition comprising a liquid carrier; and chargeable toner particles comprising a resin and an aluminium-based color-shifting pigment. Also described herein is a method of printing comprising: printing onto a substrate a liquid electrostatic ink composition comprising: a liquid carrier; and chargeable toner particles comprising a resin and an aluminium-based color-shifting pigment, and a printed article comprising a print substrate having printed thereon the electrostatic ink composition.