A carrier for developing an electrostatic charge image includes magnetic particles and a resin coating layer covering the magnetic particles, the resin coating layer containing aggregates of inorganic particles. The arithmetic mean diameter of the aggregates of inorganic particles on the carrier surface is 30 nm or more and 150 nm or less, and the percentage surface exposure of the magnetic particles is 0% by area or more and 5% by area or less.

A carrier for developing an electrostatic charge image includes magnetic particles and a resin coating layer covering the magnetic particles, the resin coating layer containing aggregates of inorganic particles. The arithmetic mean diameter of the aggregates of inorganic particles on the carrier surface is 30 nm or more and 150 nm or less, and the percentage surface exposure of the magnetic particles is 0% by area or more and 5% by area or less.

Herein is described a liquid electrophotographic ink composition including a carrier liquid and a resin including an acid copolymer and an acrylate copolymer, wherein the acrylate copolymer includes at least about 30 wt. % of the alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer.

Described herein is a printed photovoltaic cell comprising an anode; an LEP printed cathode; and an LEP printed photovoltaic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The photovoltaic layer comprises a material with a perovskite structure having a chemical formula selected from ABX.sub.3 and A.sub.2BX.sub.6 and a thermoplastic resin comprising a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and a monomer having acidic side groups; and/or a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide; and/or a copolymer of an alkylene monomer, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide, and a monomer selected from a monomer having acidic side groups, a monomer having ester side groups and a mixture thereof. The printed cathode comprises: a thermoplastic resin; and electrically conductive metal particles. Also described herein is a method of producing the printed photovoltaic cell and an ink set for use in the method.

A device comprising a supply, a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion. The supply is to supply a metallized, non-absorptive media along a travel path, which is electrically connectable to a ground element, the metallized media to carry a first polymer structure. The first portion along the travel path is to receive droplets of ink particles within a dielectric, non-aqueous carrier fluid on the first polymer structure on the media to form an image. The second portion is to apply an adhesion-promoting surface treatment, onto the ink particles and the first polymer structure, comprising UV ozone, plasma, or chemical additive. The third portion is to apply, via heat and pressure, a second polymer structure onto the ink particles and the first polymer structure to produce a media assembly.

A device comprising a supply, a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion. The supply is to supply a metallized, non-absorptive media along a travel path, which is electrically connectable to a ground element, the metallized media to carry a first polymer structure. The first portion along the travel path is to receive droplets of ink particles within a dielectric, non-aqueous carrier fluid on the first polymer structure on the media to form an image. The second portion is to apply an adhesion-promoting surface treatment, onto the ink particles and the first polymer structure, comprising UV ozone, plasma, or chemical additive. The third portion is to apply, via heat and pressure, a second polymer structure onto the ink particles and the first polymer structure to produce a media assembly.

The present invention relates to a printing method comprising a step of printing a pattern on a substrate, preferably by ink jet printing, followed by a gold plating step by means of contact between the pre-printed pattern to be gold plated and a gold plating deposition device, such as a preferably conductive metal sheet, e.g. a multilayer film comprising a preferably conductive metal sheet.

An electrostatic ink composition comprising a carrier liquid; a first resin comprising a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and a methacrylic acid monomer; and a second resin comprising a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and an acrylic acid monomer, wherein the second resin constitutes at least 35 wt. % of the total amount of resin is disclosed.

Here is provided a method of printing on a substrate, the method comprising: providing a substrate, wherein the substrate has been primed by a primer composition comprising water, an epoxide crosslinker, polyethyleneimine and a glycol co-solvent, the primer composition having formed a primer layer on the substrate, and printing an electrostatic ink on the primer layer. A fluid set comprising the primer composition and an electrostatic ink is also described herein.

A method of producing a material with a perovskite structure on a substrate by liquid electrophotographic printing comprises: either liquid electrophotographically printing onto the substrate a composition comprising a dispersion of a salt AX and a thermoplastic resin in a carrier liquid; liquid electrophotographically printing onto the substrate a composition comprising a dispersion of a salt selected from BX2 and BX4 and a thermoplastic resin in a carrier liquid; and heat treating the printed compositions to form the material with a perovskite structure; or liquid electrophotographically printing onto the substrate a composition comprising a dispersion of a material with a perovskite structure and a thermoplastic resin in a carrier liquid to form the material with a perovskite structure; wherein A is a cation, B is a cation and X is an anion; wherein the thermoplastic resin comprises a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and a monomer having acidic side groups.