An electrophotographic developer set comprising a toner comprising a thermoplastic resin and a wax, and a powder adhesive comprising a thermoplastic resin and a wax, wherein where Ea (mmol/g) denotes an ester group concentration of the wax contained in the toner, Na (mass %) denotes a content of the wax in the toner, Eb (mmol/g) denotes an ester group concentration of the wax contained in the powder adhesive, and Nb (mass %) denotes a content of the wax in the powder adhesive, the Ea, the Na, the Eb and the Nb satisfy the following formulae: 0.00≤Ea≤2.45, 2.50≤Eb≤3.60, and 0.80≤Nb/Na.

A method for producing a conductive liquid electrophotographic ink composition is described, the method comprising: heating a polymer resin in a carrier fluid to dissolve the polymer resin; adding conductive metallic pigment particles to be coated to the carrier fluid; cooling the carrier fluid to effect precipitation of the polymer resin from the carrier fluid such that a coating of the resin is at least partially formed on the conductive metallic pigment particles; reheating the suspension of partially coated conductive metallic pigment particles in the carrier fluid; and cooling the carrier fluid at a controlled rate to effect precipitation of the polymer resin from the carrier fluid such that a coating of the resin is formed on the conductive metallic pigment particles, thereby producing the conductive liquid electrophotographic ink composition.

A method for producing a conductive liquid electrophotographic ink composition is described, the method comprising: heating a polymer resin in a carrier fluid to dissolve the polymer resin; adding conductive metallic pigment particles to be coated to the carrier fluid; cooling the carrier fluid to effect precipitation of the polymer resin from the carrier fluid such that a coating of the resin is at least partially formed on the conductive metallic pigment particles; reheating the suspension of partially coated conductive metallic pigment particles in the carrier fluid; and cooling the carrier fluid at a controlled rate to effect precipitation of the polymer resin from the carrier fluid such that a coating of the resin is formed on the conductive metallic pigment particles, thereby producing the conductive liquid electrophotographic ink composition.

Provided in one example herein is a liquid electrophotographic ink composition, comprising: a carrier fluid comprising a polymer; ink particles comprising pigment particles and a polymeric resin, the pigment particles comprising titanium dioxide Sand being distributed in the polymeric resin; and a charge director, wherein the ink particles have an average diameter of between about 10 μm and 50 μm; and the pigment particles are between about 10 wt % and about 50 wt % of the ink particles. Methods of making and using the ink composition are also provided.

Provided in one example herein is a liquid electrophotographic ink composition, comprising: a carrier fluid comprising a polymer; ink particles comprising pigment particles and a polymeric resin, the pigment particles comprising titanium dioxide Sand being distributed in the polymeric resin; and a charge director, wherein the ink particles have an average diameter of between about 10 μm and 50 μm; and the pigment particles are between about 10 wt % and about 50 wt % of the ink particles. Methods of making and using the ink composition are also provided.

Provided is a dispersant for liquid development represented by general formula (1):

##STR00001##

where R.sup.1 represents a monovalent organic group having a polar group, A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 each represent an oxygen or sulfur atom, L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 each represent a divalent organic linking group, X represents a (m+n)-valent organic linking group having an alkyleneoxy group, P.sup.1 represents a polymer chain containing a unit represented by general formula (2), and m and n each represent a number of 1 to 9, with m+n being an integer of 2 to 10:

##STR00002##

where R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, L.sup.3 represents a carbonyloxy, oxycarbonyl, carbonyl, or phenylene group, and R.sup.4 represents a monovalent organic group having at least one selected from a carboxy group, a polyoxyalkylene group, an amino group, a sulfo group, and derivatives of the foregoing.

A method of producing an electrostatic ink composition, the method comprising: providing a precursor ink composition comprising a resin and a pigment dispersed in a liquid carrier; wherein the precursor ink composition comprises 30 wt % or more non-volatile solids; and spraying a lubricating liquid onto the surface of the precursor ink composition to form the electrostatic ink composition.

Provided are a method for producing a negatively-chargeable toner that has a narrow particle diameter distribution even when produced by a polymerization method, and a negatively-chargeable toner that is excellent in balance between low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant shelf stability, has fine thin-line reproducibility, and generates little fog, even in high-speed printing. The negatively-chargeable toner includes colored resin particles which contain at least a binder resin, a colorant, a charge control agent and a softening agent, wherein the charge control agent is a copolymer which is obtained by copolymerizing a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon, a (meth)acrylate and a sulfonic acid group-containing (meth)acrylamide and in which a copolymerization ratio of the sulfonic acid group-containing (meth)acrylamide is 0.8 to 4.0% by mass, and wherein the softening agent is at least one of a monoester compound and a polyglycerol ester compound.

Herein is disclosed a method for concentrating a liquid electrostatic ink composition, the method comprising replacing a first liquid carrier in a liquid electrostatic ink composition with a second liquid carrier, wherein the liquid electrostatic ink composition comprises chargeable toner particles dispersed in the first liquid carrier; and removing the second liquid carrier to produce a concentrated liquid electrostatic ink composition, wherein the second liquid carrier has a boiling point below 100° C. and wherein the second liquid carrier has a lower boiling point than the first liquid carrier. Also disclosed herein is a concentrated liquid electrostatic ink composition producible according to the method.

Herein is disclosed a method for concentrating a liquid electrostatic ink composition, the method comprising replacing a first liquid carrier in a liquid electrostatic ink composition with a second liquid carrier, wherein the liquid electrostatic ink composition comprises chargeable toner particles dispersed in the first liquid carrier; and removing the second liquid carrier to produce a concentrated liquid electrostatic ink composition, wherein the second liquid carrier has a boiling point below 100° C. and wherein the second liquid carrier has a lower boiling point than the first liquid carrier. Also disclosed herein is a concentrated liquid electrostatic ink composition producible according to the method.