A binder resin of toner particles in a liquid developer contains a resin having a monomer unit derived from at least one polymerizable monomer selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylates with an alkyl group having 18 to 36 carbon atoms, and the binder resin has an SP value higher by 1.5 (J/cm.sup.3).sup.0.5 or more than the SP value of a carrier liquid.

Described herein is a liquid electrophotographic ink composition comprising: a thermoplastic resin comprising a polymer having acidic side groups; a charge adjuvant comprising a complex of a metal(II) cation and two monovalent anions; or a complex of a metal(III) cation and three monovalent anions; or a complex of a metal(III) cation, a monovalent anion and a divalent anion, wherein each monovalent anion is independently selected from carboxylate anions having from 2 to 16 carbon atoms and alkoxide anions having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms; and wherein the divalent anion is selected form the oxo group, dicarboxylate anions having from 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and dialkoxide anions having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms; and a liquid carrier. Also described herein is a method of producing the liquid electrophotographic ink composition and a printed substrate.

Described herein is a liquid electrophotographic ink composition comprising: a thermoplastic resin comprising a polymer having acidic side groups; a charge adjuvant comprising a complex of a metal(II) cation and two monovalent anions; or a complex of a metal(III) cation and three monovalent anions; or a complex of a metal(III) cation, a monovalent anion and a divalent anion, wherein each monovalent anion is independently selected from carboxylate anions having from 2 to 16 carbon atoms and alkoxide anions having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms; and wherein the divalent anion is selected form the oxo group, dicarboxylate anions having from 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and dialkoxide anions having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms; and a liquid carrier. Also described herein is a method of producing the liquid electrophotographic ink composition and a printed substrate.

Disclosed herein is a liquid electrophotographic ink composition comprising a first resin comprising a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and a methacrylic acid monomer; a second resin comprising a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and from about 5 wt. % to about 11 wt. % of an acrylic acid monomer; and a colorant in an amount of at least 20 wt. % of the solids of the electrophotographic ink composition. Also disclosed herein is a method of producing a printed substrate from the liquid electrophotographic ink composition.

A liquid electrostatic ink composition is described comprising carbon nanotubes; a resin; and a dispersant comprising at least one polysiloxane in an amount from about 0.01 wt. % to about 30 wt. % based on the combined weight of carbon nanotubes and resin. In some examples, the polysiloxane is a trisiloxane and has at least one polyether group. Also described is an environmental sensor comprising a printed conductive trace formed by printing an electrophotographic ink composition comprising carbon nanotubes, a resin and a dispersant. The dispersant may be an organic hydrocarbon based dispersant, such as a basic amine dispersant, or a polysiloxane dispersant.

A liquid electrostatic ink composition is described comprising carbon nanotubes; a resin; and a dispersant comprising at least one polysiloxane in an amount from about 0.01 wt. % to about 30 wt. % based on the combined weight of carbon nanotubes and resin. In some examples, the polysiloxane is a trisiloxane and has at least one polyether group. Also described is an environmental sensor comprising a printed conductive trace formed by printing an electrophotographic ink composition comprising carbon nanotubes, a resin and a dispersant. The dispersant may be an organic hydrocarbon based dispersant, such as a basic amine dispersant, or a polysiloxane dispersant.

A liquid electrophotographic ink composition is disclosed herein. One example of the liquid electrophotographic ink composition includes a resin, a liquid carrier, a pigment chosen from titanium oxide, and a spacer chosen from barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, clay, magnesium silicate and mixtures thereof, in an amount from 5 to 15 wt. % of the total solids of the composition. A method for making a liquid electrophotographic ink composition is also disclosed herein.

A liquid electrophotographic ink composition is disclosed herein. One example of the liquid electrophotographic ink composition includes a resin, a liquid carrier, a pigment chosen from titanium oxide, and a spacer chosen from barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, clay, magnesium silicate and mixtures thereof, in an amount from 5 to 15 wt. % of the total solids of the composition. A method for making a liquid electrophotographic ink composition is also disclosed herein.

A liquid developer containing a liquid carrier and a toner particle that is insoluble in the liquid carrier, wherein a particular substructure is bonded through a covalent bond to a surface of the toner particle, and a method of producing a liquid developer containing a liquid carrier and a toner particle that is insoluble in the liquid carrier, the method comprising a step (I) of covalently bonding, to a surface of the toner particle, a compound having a particular substructure.

Disclosed herein is an electrostatic ink composition comprising a component selected from a fatty acid ester having a plurality of hydroxyl substituents and a fatty acid amide having a plurality of hydroxyl substituents. Also described herein are scratch-off structures and methods for producing them.