In an example, a method includes collecting (102) print agent from a print agent reservoir to form a print agent layer on a first print agent transfer member (204). The print agent layer may be transferred (104) directly from the first print agent transfer member to a second print agent transfer member (206), where the print agent layer may be heated (106). The print agent layer may be applied (108) directly from the second print agent transfer member to a substrate.

Herein is described a liquid electrostatic printing method comprising providing a liquid electrostatic ink composition comprising a carrier liquid and chargeable particles comprising a resin; and providing an adhesion promoting composition comprising an adhesion promoter. The liquid electrostatic ink composition is contacted with a latent electrostatic image disposed on a surface to create a developed ink image. The developed ink image is transferred to an intermediate transfer member. The adhesion promoting composition is deposited on the intermediate transfer member to form an adhesion promoting layer. The adhesion promoting layer and the developed ink image are transferred to a print substrate, such that the adhesion promoting layer is disposed on the print substrate and the developed ink image is disposed on the adhesion promoting layer.

A fixing device includes: a fixing member that heats a toner image formed on a recording sheet in order to fix the toner image on the recording sheet; a pressurizing member that nips the recording sheet together with the fixing member to pressurize the toner image on the recording sheet; a heater that heats the pressurizing member; and a hardware processor that controls a heating temperature of the pressurizing member by the heater, wherein the hardware processor acquires setting of glossiness of the toner image and controls the heating temperature to be higher as the glossiness in the setting is lower.

An electrophotographic image forming apparatus includes: an image carrier that carries and conveys a toner image; a charging member arranged in contact with or close to the image carrier; a charging power supply that charges the image carrier; an exposurer that forms a latent image on the charged image carrier; a developing member arranged close to the image carrier; a developing power supply that develops the latent image and forms a toner image on the image carrier; a transfer member that transfers the toner image to a medium; and a hardware processor that controls the image forming apparatus, wherein the hardware processor obtains a potential of an exposure part and a non-exposure part, on the image carrier after the toner image has been transferred to the medium, determines a charging bias based on a difference between the obtained potentials, and determines a developing bias based on the determined charging bias.

In one example, a system for transferring an image from a photoconductor to a print substrate includes a transfer member having a removable blanket wrapped around a rotatable drum and a laser. The blanket has a light absorbing exterior surface to receive a liquid LEP ink image from the photoconductor and to release a layer of molten toner to a print substrate. As the drum rotates, the laser exposes a width of the exterior surface of the blanket carrying a liquid LEP ink image to a beam of coherent light that delivers enough power to transform the liquid LEP ink image into molten toner.

An image forming apparatus includes: a transferer that transfers a toner image formed on a surface of a photo-conductor onto an image carrier; and an irradiator that irradiates the surface of the photo-conductor before transfer with light such that a potential of an image area where the toner image has been formed and a potential of a non-image area where the toner image has not been formed in the photo-conductor before transfer satisfy formula (1):
0|Va||Vb|200 [V](1) where |Va| represents the potential of the image area after the surface of the photo-conductor before transfer is irradiated with light, and |Vb| represents the potential of the non-image area after the surface of the photo-conductor before transfer is irradiated with light.

A belt driving device includes: a belt; and a drive roll and driven rolls that rotate the belt wound around the rolls. As part of the driven rolls, a first driven roll and a second driven roll with a same roll diameter, each having a greatest exceeding eccentricity section or insufficient eccentricity section in a mutual common area are disposed in a non-displaced state in that order at positions with an interval in a rotational direction of the belt, and are driven to rotate so that greatest exceeding eccentricity sections or insufficient eccentricity sections each being the greatest exceeding eccentricity section or insufficient eccentricity section are in opposite phase at central positions in the rotational direction of contact portions of the belt with the first driven roll and the second driven roll.

There is provided an image forming apparatus including a configuration in which a voltage of a polarity opposite to a toner charging polarity is applied. In the image forming apparatus, a guide region of a pre-transfer guide is located on a photosensitive drum side with respect to a common tangent line of a photosensitive drum and a development roller to reduce contamination of the pre-transfer guide and prevent contamination of recording materials.

In one example, a system for transferring an image from a photoconductor to a print substrate includes a transfer member having a removable blanket wrapped around a rotatable drum and a laser. The blanket has a light absorbing exterior surface to receive a liquid LEP ink image from the photoconductor and to release a layer of molten toner to a print substrate. As the drum rotates, the laser exposes a width of the exterior surface of the blanket carrying a liquid LEP ink image to a beam of coherent light that delivers enough power to transform the liquid LEP ink image into molten toner.

A transfer device includes a holding body that holds a toner image and to which a first tension and a second tension, which is smaller than the first tension, are applied, a transfer body that transfers the toner image to a recording medium while transporting the recording medium between the transfer body and the holding body, and a setting portion that sets tension applied to the holding body to the second tension when a mass of a toner of an uppermost toner layer constituting the toner image and disposed on the holding body is equal to or exceeds a threshold.