An image formation apparatus includes: a plurality of image formers each of which is provided for each color and forms a toner image; a plurality of image carriers each of which is provided in accordance with each of the image formers and carries the toner image formed by each image former; a first intermediate transfer body on which multiple toner images are formed; a secondary transferor that secondarily transfers to a sheet, the multiple toner images formed on the first intermediate transfer body; and an adhesion force reducer that is provided between a position where the multiple toner images are formed on the first intermediate transfer body and a secondary transfer position of the secondary transferor and that reduces an adhesion force of toner included in the multiple toner images formed on the first intermediate transfer body.

In certain examples, a liquid electrophotographic printer has a charge erasing element and a charging element. The charge erasing element at least partially discharges a charged photo imaging plate and a charged layer of liquid toner and the charging element at least partially recharges the layer of liquid toner and the photo imaging plate.

A transfer device includes a holding body, a transfer body, and a setting portion. The holding body holds multiple layers including a base layer formed of a toner having a mass larger than a threshold. The toner is electrically charged by a charging device. The transfer body transfers the layers on the holding body to a recording medium. The setting portion sets the charging device so that the charging device electrically charges a toner immediately after being transferred to the holding body with a larger amount of electric charges when the base layer is located uppermost on the holding body, than when the base layer is located other than uppermost on the holding body.

An image forming apparatus includes: a transferer that transfers a toner image formed on a surface of a photo-conductor onto an image carrier; and an irradiator that irradiates the surface of the photo-conductor before transfer with light such that a potential of an image area where the toner image has been formed and a potential of a non-image area where the toner image has not been formed in the photo-conductor before transfer satisfy formula (1):

0|Va||Vb|200 [V](1) where |Va| represents the potential of the image area after the surface of the photo-conductor before transfer is irradiated with light, and |Vb| represents the potential of the non-image area after the surface of the photo-conductor before transfer is irradiated with light.

Herein is described a liquid electrostatic printing method comprising providing a liquid electrostatic ink composition comprising a carrier liquid and chargeable particles comprising a resin; and providing an adhesion promoting composition comprising an adhesion promoter. The liquid electrostatic ink composition is contacted with a latent electrostatic image disposed on a surface to create a developed ink image. The developed ink image is transferred to an intermediate transfer member. The adhesion promoting composition is deposited on the intermediate transfer member to form an adhesion promoting layer. The adhesion promoting layer and the developed ink image are transferred to a print substrate, such that the adhesion promoting layer is disposed on the print substrate and the developed ink image is disposed on the adhesion promoting layer.

In certain examples, a liquid electrophotographic printer has a charge erasing element and a charging element. The charge erasing element at least partially discharges a charged photo imaging plate and a charged layer of liquid toner and the charging element at least partially recharges the layer of liquid toner and the photo imaging plate.

An electrophotographic image forming apparatus includes: an image carrier that carries and conveys a toner image; a charging member arranged in contact with or close to the image carrier; a charging power supply that charges the image carrier; an exposurer that forms a latent image on the charged image carrier; a developing member arranged close to the image carrier; a developing power supply that develops the latent image and forms a toner image on the image carrier; a transfer member that transfers the toner image to a medium; and a hardware processor that controls the image forming apparatus, wherein the hardware processor obtains a potential of an exposure part and a non-exposure part, on the image carrier after the toner image has been transferred to the medium, determines a charging bias based on a difference between the obtained potentials, and determines a developing bias based on the determined charging bias.

An image forming apparatus includes a control unit that causes a supply operation to form a predetermined toner image and supplies toner of the predetermined toner image to a contact portion between a cleaning member and a photosensitive member at a non-image forming time. During at least a period in which toner of the predetermined toner image on the photosensitive member passes through a transfer unit during the supply operation, the control unit causes application of a pass-through voltage having the same polarity as a normal charge polarity of the toner and an absolute value that is less than an electric potential of a portion that is exposed by an exposure device of the photosensitive member, or having a reverse polarity that is reverse to the normal charge polarity of the toner to be applied from the transfer power supply to the transfer member.

In one example, a system for transferring an image from a photoconductor to a print substrate includes a transfer member having a removable blanket wrapped around a rotatable drum and a laser. The blanket has a light absorbing exterior surface to receive a liquid LEP ink image from the photoconductor and to release a layer of molten toner to a print substrate. As the drum rotates, the laser exposes a width of the exterior surface of the blanket carrying a liquid LEP ink image to a beam of coherent light that delivers enough power to transform the liquid LEP ink image into molten toner.

There is provided an image forming apparatus including a configuration in which a voltage of a polarity opposite to a toner charging polarity is applied. In the image forming apparatus, a guide region of a pre-transfer guide is located on a photosensitive drum side with respect to a common tangent line of a photosensitive drum and a development roller to reduce contamination of the pre-transfer guide and prevent contamination of recording materials.