A developing roller having a conductive substrate and a resin layer present on the outer surface side of the substrate, wherein the developing roller is for a positive-charging toner, the resin layer contains a crosslinked urethane resin, an amino group is present at an outermost surface of the resin layer, where an ion intensity derived from the amino groups relative to all detected ions in the resin layer is 1.0% or more, a ratio of the total of detected values of Si, F, and Cl at the outermost surface of the resin layer is less than 5.0 Atomic %, and the elastic modulus and volume resistivity of the resin layer satisfy a specific relationship.