Various embodiments comprise a laser bonded glass-silicon vapor cell for performing spectroscopy on particles like atoms or molecules. In some examples, the laser bonded glass-silicon vapor cell comprises a glass base, a glass top, a silicon piece, and a filling material. The silicon piece comprises at least one through hole. The lower surface of the silicon piece is hermetically bonded to the glass base. The upper surface of the silicon piece is laser bonded to the glass top. The filling material is positioned in a cavity formed by the through hole, the glass base, and the glass top. The filling material may comprise an alkali metal, a salt slush, an inert gas, or a vacuum encapsulation.

A neural network system, involving a neural network, the neural network configured to: map sensor output to a Level 1 input; learn to fuse the time slices for one class, learning comprising taking and feeding a random assignment of inputs from each time slice into a threshold function for another two-dimensional array; learn to reject class bias for completing network training; use cycles for class recognition, and fuse segments for intelligent information dominance and a magnetic headwear apparatus operably coupled with the neural network.

A magnetic field measurement system includes at least one magnetometer having a vapor cell, a light source to direct light through the vapor cell, and a detector to receive light directed through the vapor cell; at least one magnetic field generator disposed adjacent the vapor cell; and a feedback circuit coupled to the at least one magnetic field generator and the detector of the at least one magnetometer. The feedback circuit includes a first feedback loop that includes a first low pass filter with a first cutoff frequency and a second feedback loop that includes a second low pass filter with a second cutoff frequency. The first and second feedback loops are configured to compensate for magnetic field variations having a frequency lower than the first or second cutoff frequency, respectively.

Various embodiments disclosed herein comprise systems and methods to locate magnetic field sensors. In some examples, a system comprises a controller, a sensor mount, a coil set comprising one or more coils, and a magnetic field sensor. The sensor mount mounts the magnetic field sensor and constrains at least one degree of freedom of the magnetic field sensor in position or orientation. The controller supplies electric current to the coil set. The coil set generates magnetic waves that form at least one coil magnetic field in response to receiving the current. The magnetic field sensor measures the strength of the coil magnetic field. The controller locates the magnetic field sensor based on the constraint and the measured strength of the coil magnetic field.

Various embodiments disclosed herein comprise systems and methods to locate magnetic field sensors. In some examples, a system comprises a controller, a sensor mount, a coil set comprising one or more coils, and a magnetic field sensor. The sensor mount mounts the magnetic field sensor and constrains at least one degree of freedom of the magnetic field sensor in position or orientation. The controller supplies electric current to the coil set. The coil set generates magnetic waves that form at least one coil magnetic field in response to receiving the current. The magnetic field sensor measures the strength of the coil magnetic field. The controller locates the magnetic field sensor based on the constraint and the measured strength of the coil magnetic field.

An information processing apparatus includes an information acquisition unit and an estimation unit. The information acquisition unit is configured to acquire biological information on a measurement target portion of a measurement target person, the biological information being measured by a biological information measurement apparatus. The estimation unit is configured to estimate a position and a size of the measurement target portion using positional information on a plurality of locations in the measurement target portion and complementary positional information.

An information processing apparatus includes an information acquisition unit and an estimation unit. The information acquisition unit is configured to acquire biological information on a measurement target portion of a measurement target person, the biological information being measured by a biological information measurement apparatus. The estimation unit is configured to estimate a position and a size of the measurement target portion using positional information on a plurality of locations in the measurement target portion and complementary positional information.

According to one embodiment, a sensor includes a first magnetic member, a first counter magnetic member, a first magnetic element, and a first magnetic interconnect. A direction from the first magnetic member to the first counter magnetic member is along a first direction. A first gap is provided between the first magnetic member and the first counter magnetic member. The first magnetic element includes a first magnetic region. A second direction from the first magnetic region to the first gap crosses the first direction. A direction from the first magnetic interconnect to the first magnetic region is along the second direction.

According to one embodiment, a sensor includes a first magnetic member, a first counter magnetic member, a first magnetic element, and a first magnetic interconnect. A direction from the first magnetic member to the first counter magnetic member is along a first direction. A first gap is provided between the first magnetic member and the first counter magnetic member. The first magnetic element includes a first magnetic region. A second direction from the first magnetic region to the first gap crosses the first direction. A direction from the first magnetic interconnect to the first magnetic region is along the second direction.

Electrical non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) delivers weak electrical currents to the brain via electrodes that are affixed to the scalp. NIBS can excite or inhibit the brain in areas that are impacted by that electrical current during and for a short time following stimulation. Electrical NIBS can be used to change brain structure in terms of increasing white matter integrity as measured by diffusion tensor imaging. Together the electrical NIBS can induce changes in brain structure and function. The present methods and devices are adaptable to and configurable for facilitating the enhancement of brain performance, and the treatment of neurological diseases and tissues. The present methods and devices are advantageously designed to utilize modern electrodes deployed with, inter alia, various spatial arrangements, polarities, and current strengths to target brain areas or networks to thereby enhance performance or deliver therapeutic interventions.