In various examples, a method of conductor management within a medical device includes providing a flexible substrate. The flexible substrate includes at least one routing feature. A hole is cut in the at least one routing feature with a cutting device. A conductor is passed through the hole in the at least one routing feature. The routing feature acts to maintain and manage positioning of the conductor within the medical device. The medical device, in some examples, includes a lead, with the conductor connected to an electrode of the lead after being routed through the routing feature.

In various examples, a method of conductor management within a medical device includes providing a flexible substrate. The flexible substrate includes at least one routing feature. A hole is cut in the at least one routing feature with a cutting device. A conductor is passed through the hole in the at least one routing feature. The routing feature acts to maintain and manage positioning of the conductor within the medical device. The medical device, in some examples, includes a lead, with the conductor connected to an electrode of the lead after being routed through the routing feature.

Disclosed are a stretchable microneedle adhesive patch (SNAP) capable of performing high-quality electrophysiological (EP) signal measurement without skin preparation, such as exfoliating the skin or removing sweat, a SNAP system, and an operating method thereof. The disclosed SNAP capable of performing skin preparation-free high-quality EP signal measurement includes an electrically conductive adhesive (ECA) layer configured to attach to a user's skin to obtain an EP signal regardless of the user's skin condition; a microneedle sensor including a microneedle array configured to penetrate the stratum corneum by passing through the ECA layer and to directly contact the skin epidermis of the user; and conductive wire-based stretchable interconnects having a serpentine structure that is electrically and mechanically connected to the microneedle sensor to dynamically adapt to skin deformation of the user.

Disclosed are a stretchable microneedle adhesive patch (SNAP) capable of performing high-quality electrophysiological (EP) signal measurement without skin preparation, such as exfoliating the skin or removing sweat, a SNAP system, and an operating method thereof. The disclosed SNAP capable of performing skin preparation-free high-quality EP signal measurement includes an electrically conductive adhesive (ECA) layer configured to attach to a user's skin to obtain an EP signal regardless of the user's skin condition; a microneedle sensor including a microneedle array configured to penetrate the stratum corneum by passing through the ECA layer and to directly contact the skin epidermis of the user; and conductive wire-based stretchable interconnects having a serpentine structure that is electrically and mechanically connected to the microneedle sensor to dynamically adapt to skin deformation of the user.

A printed circuit board (PCB)-needle assembly designed for placement of cannulas and electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes in small animals is disclosed. The assembly is connected to thin needles of multiple lengths, such that they can be placed into the brain at the chosen depth. It can be also soldered to a connector for enabling recordings of biopotentials. The design of the PCB-needle-connector assembly can be efficiently produced by specialized software. This software allows targeting any desired area(s) in the brain of a small laboratory animal based on the anteroposterior, mediolateral and dorsoventral coordinates of the animal's brain atlas. During the surgery, the assembly is placed on the head of a small animal and pressure is applied on it, so that the needles penetrate the bone. The bone can be drilled through or thinned to facilitate insertion of the needles. The needles can serve as EEG electrodes or used for placement of optical cannulas, or injecting test substances. The assembly is glued to the skull and may be additionally fastened by hooks on both sides of the skull. The procedure is fast and minimally invasive to the animal. It increases the accuracy and efficiency of research studies and improves animal welfare.

A printed circuit board (PCB)-needle assembly designed for placement of cannulas and electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes in small animals is disclosed. The assembly is connected to thin needles of multiple lengths, such that they can be placed into the brain at the chosen depth. It can be also soldered to a connector for enabling recordings of biopotentials. The design of the PCB-needle-connector assembly can be efficiently produced by specialized software. This software allows targeting any desired area(s) in the brain of a small laboratory animal based on the anteroposterior, mediolateral and dorsoventral coordinates of the animal's brain atlas. During the surgery, the assembly is placed on the head of a small animal and pressure is applied on it, so that the needles penetrate the bone. The bone can be drilled through or thinned to facilitate insertion of the needles. The needles can serve as EEG electrodes or used for placement of optical cannulas, or injecting test substances. The assembly is glued to the skull and may be additionally fastened by hooks on both sides of the skull. The procedure is fast and minimally invasive to the animal. It increases the accuracy and efficiency of research studies and improves animal welfare.

A method may include obtaining first and second time series (TS1), (TS2) of stimulation data, and a first and second time series of control data. TS1, TS2 may provide a plurality of pairs of data points such that each of the plurality of pairs include corresponding data points from both TS1 and TS2. The obtained time series may be analyzed by applying an algorithm (Alg) to TS1 and TS2 of stimulation data to create an algorithm value corresponding to each of the plurality of pairs of data points. Alg=(|TS1|+|TS2|)/2|TS1TS2|. Positive algorithm values for a predetermined period of time (AlgVarTime) may be summed to create a signal. Peak(s) in the signal may be determined, and a conduction velocity may be determined using a latency and a distance between a stimulus electrode and a recording electrode.

A method may include obtaining first and second time series (TS1), (TS2) of stimulation data, and a first and second time series of control data. TS1, TS2 may provide a plurality of pairs of data points such that each of the plurality of pairs include corresponding data points from both TS1 and TS2. The obtained time series may be analyzed by applying an algorithm (Alg) to TS1 and TS2 of stimulation data to create an algorithm value corresponding to each of the plurality of pairs of data points. Alg=(|TS1|+|TS2|)/2|TS1TS2|. Positive algorithm values for a predetermined period of time (AlgVarTime) may be summed to create a signal. Peak(s) in the signal may be determined, and a conduction velocity may be determined using a latency and a distance between a stimulus electrode and a recording electrode.

In various examples, conductor management within a medical device includes providing a flexible substrate. The flexible substrate includes at least one routing feature. A hole is cut in the at least one routing feature with a cutting device. A conductor is passed through the hole in the at least one routing feature. The routing feature acts to maintain and manage positioning of the conductor within the medical device. The medical device, in some examples, includes a lead, with the conductor connected to an electrode of the lead after being routed through the routing feature.

In various examples, conductor management within a medical device includes providing a flexible substrate. The flexible substrate includes at least one routing feature. A hole is cut in the at least one routing feature with a cutting device. A conductor is passed through the hole in the at least one routing feature. The routing feature acts to maintain and manage positioning of the conductor within the medical device. The medical device, in some examples, includes a lead, with the conductor connected to an electrode of the lead after being routed through the routing feature.