An elastically deformable electrode that includes a plurality of electrode elements spaced from each other, and a liquid wire which is a liquid conductor configured to electrically connect the plurality of electrode elements. The electrode may also include a solid wire sealing the liquid wire, and an insulator between the solid wire and the plurality of electrode elements.

A measuring device for determining an estimated value for the blood sugar content of a person using a non-invasive impedance measurement is provided. The measuring device includes a measurement transducer for determining a blood sugar content from a measured value and a sensor unit for detecting the measured value. The sensor unit has at least two tetrapolar electrode assemblies, which each have at least two electrode pairs arranged along a first linear axis. The axes of the two tetrapolar electrode assemblies are aligned perpendicularly to one another. A first electrode pair is provided for transmitting and receiving a current signal, and a second electrode pair is provided for tapping a potential on contact with the skin of the person. At least one of the electrodes of the sensor unit has a contact surface for contacting the skin, which contact surface consists of a metal or a metal alloy having a conductivity of more than 1*10.sup.7 S/m.

A measuring device for determining an estimated value for the blood sugar content of a person using a non-invasive impedance measurement is provided. The measuring device includes a measurement transducer for determining a blood sugar content from a measured value and a sensor unit for detecting the measured value. The sensor unit has at least two tetrapolar electrode assemblies, which each have at least two electrode pairs arranged along a first linear axis. The axes of the two tetrapolar electrode assemblies are aligned perpendicularly to one another. A first electrode pair is provided for transmitting and receiving a current signal, and a second electrode pair is provided for tapping a potential on contact with the skin of the person. At least one of the electrodes of the sensor unit has a contact surface for contacting the skin, which contact surface consists of a metal or a metal alloy having a conductivity of more than 1*10.sup.7 S/m.

The novel flexible electrodes disclosed herein utilize the low bending stiffness of electrospun nanofiber mats to achieve the material properties required for surgical implantation and sustained bidirectional communication with peripheral nerves without compromising electronic functionality. According to certain embodiments disclosed herein, implantable neural electrode probes are provided which comprise a polymeric substrate having proximal and distal ends, an electrode interface at the proximal end of the substrate; at least one neural contact at the distal end of the substrate; and electrically conductive traces formed on the fibrous substrate providing electrical communication between the at least one neural contact and the electrode interface, wherein the substrate comprises a nonwoven mass of polymeric nanofibers.

The novel flexible electrodes disclosed herein utilize the low bending stiffness of electrospun nanofiber mats to achieve the material properties required for surgical implantation and sustained bidirectional communication with peripheral nerves without compromising electronic functionality. According to certain embodiments disclosed herein, implantable neural electrode probes are provided which comprise a polymeric substrate having proximal and distal ends, an electrode interface at the proximal end of the substrate; at least one neural contact at the distal end of the substrate; and electrically conductive traces formed on the fibrous substrate providing electrical communication between the at least one neural contact and the electrode interface, wherein the substrate comprises a nonwoven mass of polymeric nanofibers.

An electrode arrangement comprises: a semiconductor carrier substrate having a first and a second side surface; a first array of electrodes arranged above the first side surface; a second array of electrodes arranged below the second side surface; an electronic circuitry for processing electrical signals recorded by the electrodes; a connecting layer arranged above the electronic circuitry and providing a first connection between a first point and a second point; a first interconnect for electrically connecting the first point to the electronic circuitry; a second interconnect and a first through-substrate via which electrically connect the second point to the electrode in the second array.

An electrode arrangement comprises: a semiconductor carrier substrate having a first and a second side surface; a first array of electrodes arranged above the first side surface; a second array of electrodes arranged below the second side surface; an electronic circuitry for processing electrical signals recorded by the electrodes; a connecting layer arranged above the electronic circuitry and providing a first connection between a first point and a second point; a first interconnect for electrically connecting the first point to the electronic circuitry; a second interconnect and a first through-substrate via which electrically connect the second point to the electrode in the second array.

Some aspects of the present invention include a system for computationally prediction of oscillation patterns of charges in a DNA sequence. Such a system includes one or more means for computationally predicting proton wires with longitudinal (coaxial) hydrogen bonds in the DNA sequence; and at least one means for predicting electron wires in the DNA sequence. These wires connect the aromatic rings of DNA basepairs. The above system includes at least one means for predicting tautomeric oscillations in said DNA.

A method according to some aspects of the present invention for computationally predicting oscillation pattern of charges in a DNA sequence includes: computationally predicting proton wires containing longitudinal (coaxial) hydrogen bonds, the wires spanning at least two DNA basepairs; predicting electron wires in the DNA which includes stretches of purines; and predicting tautomeric oscillations in the DNA.

An electrophysiology system for mapping tissue includes a catheter having a plurality of electrodes. The system may be a catheter having a dense collection of small electrodes in fixed positions on its tip. The system may be an electrophysiology apparatus having a catheter, the catheter having a body with a proximal end and a distal end. At the distal end of the catheter body is a distal tip comprising a plurality of electrodes and/or coaxtrodes. A signal processor may be operably connected to the plurality of electrodes and/or coaxtrodes and can measure at least one electrophysiological parameter.

An electrophysiology system for mapping tissue includes a catheter having a plurality of electrodes. The system may be a catheter having a dense collection of small electrodes in fixed positions on its tip. The system may be an electrophysiology apparatus having a catheter, the catheter having a body with a proximal end and a distal end. At the distal end of the catheter body is a distal tip comprising a plurality of electrodes and/or coaxtrodes. A signal processor may be operably connected to the plurality of electrodes and/or coaxtrodes and can measure at least one electrophysiological parameter.