A cortical access system for delivering a medical tool into an epidural and/or subdural space and onto a patient's brain tissue through a cranium opening comprises: a turret including a proximal end portion, a distal end portion, and a first channel extending from an entrance opening to an exit opening, the first channel configured to guide the medical tool from the entrance opening to the exit opening for positioning on the patients brain tissue. The medical tool may be an electrode or an endoscope.

A cortical access system for delivering a medical tool into an epidural and/or subdural space and onto a patient's brain tissue through a cranium opening comprises: a turret including a proximal end portion, a distal end portion, and a first channel extending from an entrance opening to an exit opening, the first channel configured to guide the medical tool from the entrance opening to the exit opening for positioning on the patients brain tissue. The medical tool may be an electrode or an endoscope.

Provided herein is an electronic patch for applying to a wearable item. The electronic patch includes a sensor comprising a sensor pad and a sensor base that together define a stepped arrangement, an electrically conductive underlayer disposed under the sensor base, a circuit layer disposed under the underlayer and electrically coupled to the sensor via the underlayer, a first elastic layer overlying the sensor base and arranged adjacent the sensor pad, and a second elastic layer disposed under the circuit layer. Also provided is a wearable item that includes the aforementioned electronic patch as well as methods of making said wearable item and electronic patch.

The present invention provides a bio-electrode composition including a silsesquioxane bonded to a sulfonic acid salt shown by the following general formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, optionally containing an ether group or an ester group, and the alkylene group may also contain an aromatic group; Rf.sub.1 and Rf.sub.2 represent H, F, O, or a CF.sub.3 group and can form a carbonyl group with a carbon atom bonded therewith; Rf.sub.3 and Rf.sub.4 represent H, F, or a CF.sub.3 group and one or more fluorine atoms are contained in Rf.sub.1 to Rf.sub.4; M is selected from Na, K, and Ag. This can form a living body contact layer for a bio-electrode that is excellent in electric conductivity and biocompatibility, light-weight, manufacturable at low cost, and free from large lowering of the electric conductivity.

The present invention provides a bio-electrode composition including a silsesquioxane bonded to a sulfonic acid salt shown by the following general formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, optionally containing an ether group or an ester group, and the alkylene group may also contain an aromatic group; Rf.sub.1 and Rf.sub.2 represent H, F, O, or a CF.sub.3 group and can form a carbonyl group with a carbon atom bonded therewith; Rf.sub.3 and Rf.sub.4 represent H, F, or a CF.sub.3 group and one or more fluorine atoms are contained in Rf.sub.1 to Rf.sub.4; M is selected from Na, K, and Ag. This can form a living body contact layer for a bio-electrode that is excellent in electric conductivity and biocompatibility, light-weight, manufacturable at low cost, and free from large lowering of the electric conductivity.

A device for analyzing body composition provides improved accuracy in measuring body fat, lean body mass and body water using bio-electrical impedance (BIA) measurement. The includes a ring sized to fit a human finger, and including components for passing current. Electrodes are provided for contacting the ring finger of one hand (on an interior portion of the ring), and for making contact with fingers of the opposing hand (on an exterior portion of the ring), so that BIA of the human body can be measured across the human body between the left and right hands, as the result current and voltage applied by the ring. The ring may include components for performing the BIA analysis, or for communicating data to another device for performing the BIA analysis. Results of the analysis may be displayed at the other device, or via a display supported on the ring.

A device for analyzing body composition provides improved accuracy in measuring body fat, lean body mass and body water using bio-electrical impedance (BIA) measurement. The includes a ring sized to fit a human finger, and including components for passing current. Electrodes are provided for contacting the ring finger of one hand (on an interior portion of the ring), and for making contact with fingers of the opposing hand (on an exterior portion of the ring), so that BIA of the human body can be measured across the human body between the left and right hands, as the result current and voltage applied by the ring. The ring may include components for performing the BIA analysis, or for communicating data to another device for performing the BIA analysis. Results of the analysis may be displayed at the other device, or via a display supported on the ring.

Multilayer electrodes, electrode systems, and stimulation systems are disclosed. An electrode may include a conductive layer with a unitary tail, a connector disposed on a distal end of the tail, and a nonconductive top layer disposed along a top portion of the conductive layer. An electrode may include a magnetic lead connector socket, or a receptacle formed by a depression in the conductive layer configured to receive a male connector. An electrode system may include a plurality of conductive zones and a plurality of connectors. A stimulation system may include an electronics layer in electrical contact with a conductive layer via a puncture connection, and may provide an iontophoretic treatment followed by a TENS treatment. Other electrodes, systems and methods are also disclosed.

Flexible implant for electrically recording or stimulating a nerve structure, said flexible implant comprising: a first layer of electrically insulating diamond; an electrode of electrically conductive doped diamond, in contact with the first layer of electrically insulating diamond; an electrically conductive layer in contact with the electrode and the first layer, so as to define a conductive track for the electrode; and a second layer of electrically insulating diamond, at least in contact with the electrically conductive layer and a remaining portion of the first layer, all of the above arranged such that: electrically insulating diamond/electrically conductive doped diamond sealing is provided at the electrode (3) by resumption of epitaxial growth; and the electrically conductive layer is encapsulated by the electrode (3), the first layer and the second layer, at the electrode and over the entirety of the remaining surface thereof except over an area defining an electrical contact. The implant has two faces, namely: a front face comprising one of the two layers of electrically insulating diamond, open locally, providing access to the electrode and the area defining an electrical contact; and a rear face comprising the other of the two layers of electrically insulating diamond.

Flexible implant for electrically recording or stimulating a nerve structure, said flexible implant comprising: a first layer of electrically insulating diamond; an electrode of electrically conductive doped diamond, in contact with the first layer of electrically insulating diamond; an electrically conductive layer in contact with the electrode and the first layer, so as to define a conductive track for the electrode; and a second layer of electrically insulating diamond, at least in contact with the electrically conductive layer and a remaining portion of the first layer, all of the above arranged such that: electrically insulating diamond/electrically conductive doped diamond sealing is provided at the electrode (3) by resumption of epitaxial growth; and the electrically conductive layer is encapsulated by the electrode (3), the first layer and the second layer, at the electrode and over the entirety of the remaining surface thereof except over an area defining an electrical contact. The implant has two faces, namely: a front face comprising one of the two layers of electrically insulating diamond, open locally, providing access to the electrode and the area defining an electrical contact; and a rear face comprising the other of the two layers of electrically insulating diamond.