An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable image bearing member, a developing member, a transfer member, and a brush contacting a surface of the image bearing member in a contact portion downstream of a transfer portion and upstream of a developing portion with respect to a rotational direction of the image bearing member. The toner which is not transferred onto a toner image receiving member is collected by the developing member. In a charging series, the toner is positioned on the same side as a normal charge polarity of the toner relative to the brush. In the contact portion, a maximum value of a contact pressure of 0.7 gf/mm.sup.2 or more and 3.5 gf/mm.sup.2 or less, a maximum contact area ratio is 18% or more and 74% or less, and a Clark-Evans index of the brush is 1 or more.

A scraping device includes: a scraping part that comes into contact with a rotating contact part to scrape off attached matter attached to the contact part; a rotation part that rotates; and an applying part that is attached to the rotation part, rotates with the rotation part, and strikes the scraping part to apply an impact to the scraping part.

An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable image bearing member, a developing unit to develop an electrostatic latent image at a developing portion, a transfer unit to transfer a developer image to a recording member at a transfer portion; and a brush provided with a plurality of fibers contacting the image bearing member at downstream of the transfer portion and upstream of the developing portion in a rotational direction of the image bearing member. An average contacting pressure of the brush per one fiber to the image bearing member is smaller than a depositing force of the developer not transferred to the recording member to the image bearing member. As the brush in a state of not in contact with the image bearing member is viewed from a free end side of the fibers, an average number of the fibers included in a circumference of a diameter of 100 m is more than one.

A cleaning device includes a state determination processing portion and an abnormality determination processing portion. The state determination processing portion, when a movement detecting portion does not detect a moving body before a predetermined specific time passes since a start of a drive of a drive source, determines a drive state of the drive source based on a detection result of a current detecting portion. The abnormality determination processing portion determines that an abnormality has occurred in the movement detecting portion when the state determination processing portion determines that the drive source is being driven, and determines that an abnormality has occurred in the drive source when the state determination processing portion determines that the drive source is not being driven.

An image forming apparatus includes a photoconductor, an exposure head that includes a substrate on which a plurality of light emitting elements is mounted in a longitudinal direction that is an axial direction of the photoconductor, and a lens array including a plurality of lenses that condenses light emitted from the light emitting elements onto the photoconductor, and exposes the photoconductor, a longitudinal-shaped cleaning rod that is inserted from outside of the image forming apparatus and cleans emission surfaces of the lenses by rubbing the lenses in the longitudinal direction, and a guide member that guides the cleaning rod inserted from the outside of the image forming apparatus, in which the cleaning rod includes a cleaning member that abuts on the emission surfaces of the lenses and cleans off attached matter attached to the emission surfaces of the lenses, a first portion whose cross-sectional shape in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction is a first cross-sectional shape, and a second portion that is provided at a position different from a position of the first portion in the longitudinal direction and has a second cross-sectional shape different from the first cross-sectional shape of the first portion.

An image forming apparatus includes: an image carrier that is provided to be rotatable about a rotation axis and that carries an image; and a removing portion that removes powder adhering to an outer peripheral surface of the image carrier by coming into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the image carrier that rotates, in which one set of an image forming section that includes the image carrier and the removing portion and that forms an image is provided or a plurality of sets of the image forming sections are provided, and in which, in the one set of the image forming section or in at least one image forming section among the plurality of sets of the image forming sections, a contact location that is a location at which the removing portion comes into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the image carrier is located below an imaginary horizontal plane passing through the rotation axis of the image carrier.