Electrodes that can be formed in a flexible band of a wrist-worn device to detect hand gestures are disclosed. Multiple rows of electrodes can be configured to detect electromyography (EMG) signals produced by activity of muscles and tendons. The band can include removable electrical connections (e.g., pogo pins) to enable the electrode signals to be routed to processing circuitry in the housing of the wrist-worn device. Measurements between signals from the active electrodes and one or more reference electrodes can be obtained to capture EMG signals at a number of locations on the band. The measurement method and mode of operation (lower power coarse detection or higher power fine detection) can determine the location and number of electrodes to be measured. These EMG signals can be processed to identify hand movements and recognize gestures associated with those hand movements.

Electrodes that can be formed in a flexible band of a wrist-worn device to detect hand gestures are disclosed. Multiple rows of electrodes can be configured to detect electromyography (EMG) signals produced by activity of muscles and tendons. The band can include removable electrical connections (e.g., pogo pins) to enable the electrode signals to be routed to processing circuitry in the housing of the wrist-worn device. Measurements between signals from the active electrodes and one or more reference electrodes can be obtained to capture EMG signals at a number of locations on the band. The measurement method and mode of operation (lower power coarse detection or higher power fine detection) can determine the location and number of electrodes to be measured. These EMG signals can be processed to identify hand movements and recognize gestures associated with those hand movements.

The tissue status measuring apparatus includes an electrode set and a control module coupled to the electrode set. The electrode set is configured to emit a first sensing electric field toward a dielectric area and to form a capacitive loop with the dielectric area. The control module includes a driving unit and a processing unit. The driving unit is configured to output a driving signal to the electrode set to output the first sensing electric field. The processing unit is configured to measure a loop capacitance value of the capacitive loop. In response to a tissue under test being located within the dielectric area, the loop capacitance value of the capacitive loop is a first measured capacitance value. In response to a difference between the first measured capacitance value and a baseline capacitance value being greater than an abnormality threshold, the processing unit determines that the tissue under test has an abnormal tissue location.

The tissue status measuring apparatus includes an electrode set and a control module coupled to the electrode set. The electrode set is configured to emit a first sensing electric field toward a dielectric area and to form a capacitive loop with the dielectric area. The control module includes a driving unit and a processing unit. The driving unit is configured to output a driving signal to the electrode set to output the first sensing electric field. The processing unit is configured to measure a loop capacitance value of the capacitive loop. In response to a tissue under test being located within the dielectric area, the loop capacitance value of the capacitive loop is a first measured capacitance value. In response to a difference between the first measured capacitance value and a baseline capacitance value being greater than an abnormality threshold, the processing unit determines that the tissue under test has an abnormal tissue location.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of an electrophysiologically based Spectro-Temporal Modulation (STM) test unit. The STM test unit can include an STM stimulus generator and an output unit, wherein the STM stimulus generator is configured to provide STM test stimuli comprising at least one STM probe stimulus to a user via the output unit according to a predetermined STM test protocol. The STM test unit can include one or more electrodes for measuring electrophysiological responses of the user, and an analyser configured to analyse the recorded electrophysiological responses of the user measured in response to the provided stimuli.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of an electrophysiologically based Spectro-Temporal Modulation (STM) test unit. The STM test unit can include an STM stimulus generator and an output unit, wherein the STM stimulus generator is configured to provide STM test stimuli comprising at least one STM probe stimulus to a user via the output unit according to a predetermined STM test protocol. The STM test unit can include one or more electrodes for measuring electrophysiological responses of the user, and an analyser configured to analyse the recorded electrophysiological responses of the user measured in response to the provided stimuli.