A system provides a burr hole cap assembly configured to secure a position of a lead implanted through a burr hole in a cranium of a patient. One or more electrodes are coupled to one or more components of the burr hole cap assembly. The one or more electrode is disposed within the burr hole cap assembly for sensing signals within a brain of the patient or stimulating a portion of the brain of the patient.

Described herein are implantable devices configured to emit an electrical pulse. An exemplary implantable device includes an ultrasonic transducer configured to receive ultrasonic waves that power the implantable device and encode a trigger signal; a first electrode and a second electrode configured to be in electrical communication with a tissue and emit an electrical pulse to the tissue in response to the trigger signal; and an integrated circuit comprising an energy storage circuit. Also described are systems that include one or more implantable device and an interrogator configured to operate the one or more implantable devices. Further described is a closed loop system that includes a first device configured to detect a signal, an interrogator configured to emit a trigger signal in response to the detected signal, and an implantable device configured to emit an electrical pulse in response to receiving the trigger signal. Further described are computer systems useful for operating one or more implantable devices, as well as methods of electrically stimulating a tissue.

A bioelectrode and a method for producing the bioelectrode are provided. The bioelectrode has a non-complicated structure, satisfactory elasticity, and is capable of preventing an increase of contact impedance due to an increase of the number of times of usage. The bioelectrode includes a support member, which is an electrically conductive member, and at least one electrode member, which is a member projecting from the support member. At least the electrode member is molded from an electrically conductive rubber containing a silicone rubber and treated metal particles containing a crosslinkable functional group on a surface thereof.

A composite wiring includes: elastic wiring comprising an elastic tube, a conductor wire disposed inside the tube, and fixing portions that fix the conductor wire and the tube together at both ends of the tube in the lengthwise direction thereof, the length of the conductor wire between the fixing portions when the tube is in an unextended state being longer than the length of the tube between the fixing portions; other wiring separate from the elastic wiring; and a connection member that connects the conductor wire of the elastic wiring and a conductor wire of the other wiring by caulking in a state of being brought into contact with each other, the connection member having an interior section sealed in a watertight manner with a sealing material.

Described herein is an implantable device having a sensor configured to detect an amount of an analyte, a pH, a temperature, strain, or a pressure; and an ultrasonic transducer with a length of about 5 mm or less in the longest dimension, configured to receive current modulated based on the analyte amount, the pH, the temperature, or the pressure detected by the sensor, and emit an ultrasonic backscatter based on the received current. The implantable device can be implanted in a subject, such as an animal or a plant. Also described herein are systems including one or more implantable devices and an interrogator comprising one or more ultrasonic transducers configured to transmit ultrasonic waves to the one or more implantable devices or receive ultrasonic backscatter from the one or more implantable devices. Also described are methods of detecting an amount of an analyte, a pH, a temperature, a strain, or a pressure.

Described herein are implantable devices configured to emit an electrical pulse. An exemplary implantable device includes an ultrasonic transducer configured to receive ultrasonic waves that power the implantable device and encode a trigger signal; a first electrode and a second electrode configured to be in electrical communication with a tissue and emit an electrical pulse to the tissue in response to the trigger signal; and an integrated circuit comprising an energy storage circuit. Also described are systems that include one or more implantable device and an interrogator configured to operate the one or more implantable devices. Further described is a closed loop system that includes a first device configured to detect a signal, an interrogator configured to emit a trigger signal in response to the detected signal, and an implantable device configured to emit an electrical pulse in response to receiving the trigger signal. Further described are computer systems useful for operating one or more implantable devices, as well as methods of electrically stimulating a tissue.

Described herein are implantable devices configured to emit an electrical pulse. An exemplary implantable device includes an ultrasonic transducer configured to receive ultrasonic waves that power the implantable device and encode a trigger signal; a first electrode and a second electrode configured to be in electrical communication with a tissue and emit an electrical pulse to the tissue in response to the trigger signal; and an integrated circuit comprising an energy storage circuit. Also described are systems that include one or more implantable device and an interrogator configured to operate the one or more implantable devices. Further described is a closed loop system that includes a first device configured to detect a signal, an interrogator configured to emit a trigger signal in response to the detected signal, and an implantable device configured to emit an electrical pulse in response to receiving the trigger signal. Further described are computer systems useful for operating one or more implantable devices, as well as methods of electrically stimulating a tissue.

Described herein are implantable devices configured to emit an electrical pulse. An exemplary implantable device includes an ultrasonic transducer configured to receive ultrasonic waves that power the implantable device and encode a trigger signal; a first electrode and a second electrode configured to be in electrical communication with a tissue and emit an electrical pulse to the tissue in response to the trigger signal; and an integrated circuit comprising an energy storage circuit. Also described are systems that include one or more implantable device and an interrogator configured to operate the one or more implantable devices. Further described is a closed loop system that includes a first device configured to detect a signal, an interrogator configured to emit a trigger signal in response to the detected signal, and an implantable device configured to emit an electrical pulse in response to receiving the trigger signal. Further described are computer systems useful for operating one or more implantable devices, as well as methods of electrically stimulating a tissue.

Described herein are implantable devices configured to emit an electrical pulse. An exemplary implantable device includes an ultrasonic transducer configured to receive ultrasonic waves that power the implantable device and encode a trigger signal; a first electrode and a second electrode configured to be in electrical communication with a tissue and emit an electrical pulse to the tissue in response to the trigger signal; and an integrated circuit comprising an energy storage circuit. Also described are systems that include one or more implantable device and an interrogator configured to operate the one or more implantable devices. Further described is a closed loop system that includes a first device configured to detect a signal, an interrogator configured to emit a trigger signal in response to the detected signal, and an implantable device configured to emit an electrical pulse in response to receiving the trigger signal. Further described are computer systems useful for operating one or more implantable devices, as well as methods of electrically stimulating a tissue.

Described herein are implantable devices configured to detect an electrophysiological signal. Certain exemplary implantable devices comprise a first electrode and a second electrode configured to engage a tissue and detect an electrophysiological signal; an integrated circuit comprising a multi-transistor circuit and a modulation circuit configured to modulate a current based on the electrophysiological signal; and an ultrasonic transducer configured to emit an ultrasonic backscatter encoding the electrophysiological signal from the tissue based on the modulated current. Also described herein are systems that include one or more implantable devices and an interrogator comprising one or more ultrasonic transducers configured to transit ultrasonic waves to the one or more implantable devices or receive ultrasonic backscatter from the one or more implantable devices. Further described are computer systems for operating one or more implantable devices, and methods of detecting an electrophysiological signal in a tissue.