In the present invention, by providing a 3D holographic display system comprising a modulation apparatus configured to modulate light emitted from a light source into a light wave corresponding to a 3D image, an optical apparatus configured to propagate the light wave into the first plane, and a diffraction apparatus configured to multiplex the propagated light wave to extend viewing angle of the 3D holographic display, a limited viewing zone of the holographic display determined by the SLM pixel pitch, may be extended by optical methods, such as using diffractive optical elements (DOE) for spatial-division multiplexing (SDM).

An image display device includes image cells arranged two-dimensionally. Each image cell has a hologram layer. The hologram layer includes a diffraction grating in which a one-dimensional grating pattern extending in a first direction is repeated in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. Among the plurality of image cells, two or more image cells that are in a row in the second direction and correlated to one color constitute one image cell group. The image cell group includes a section in which the spatial frequency of the diffraction grating is proportionately small as the distance in the second direction from one end of the image cell group increases such that, while a viewpoint is positioned at a predetermined angle relative to an image display device, the two or more image cells constituting the image cell group display the same color as each other.

An optical phase grating produces an interference pattern rich in intensity and spatial-frequency information from the external scene. The grating includes an odd number of repeated sets of adjacent horizontal portions, separated by steps, that fill an area that radiates outward from a central region. At a given distance from the central region and within the area of the phase grating, each of the first horizontal portions is of a first width that differs from a second width of the adjacent second horizontal portions. The interference patterns produced by the grating can be processed to extract images and other information of interest about an imaged scene.

Typical waveguides rely on total internal reflection between the outer surfaces of substrates, which can make them highly susceptible to beam misalignment caused by nonplanarity of the substrates. In the manufacturing of the glass sheets commonly used for substrates, ripples can occur during the stretching and drawing of glass as it emerges from a furnace. Although glass manufacturers try to minimize ripples using predictions from mathematical models, it is difficult to totally eradicate the problem from the glass manufacturing process. Typically, these beam misalignments manifest themselves as image distortions and non-uniformities in the output illumination from the waveguide. Many embodiments of the invention are directed toward optically efficient, low cost solutions to the problem of controlling output image quality in waveguides manufactured using commercially available substrate glass and to the problem of compensating the image distortions and non-uniformity of curved waveguides.

A gaming device is described that provides a number of different methods for cashing out credit balances from a gaming device. These methods include providing incentives, such as benefits, to a player for selecting particular monetary forms in which to receive the cash out. Non-preferred cash out forms may be associated with disincentives, such as penalties, to dissuade players from selecting these types of monetary transfers. In certain embodiments, incentives and disincentives may be associated with a variety of available monetary forms for cash out.

The method is provided for fabricating an optical metasurface. The method may include depositing a conductive layer over a holographic region of a wafer and depositing a dielectric layer over the conducting layer. The method may also include patterning a hard mask on the dielectric layer. The method may further include etching the dielectric layer to form a plurality of dielectric pillars with a plurality of nano-scale gaps between the pillars.

An article comprising a crystalized resin material, the material having microscopic surface reliefs in a surface thereof, wherein the surface reliefs form optical structures which generate an optical image and or holographic information, the crystalized resin material is a cannabis derived resin and the microscopic surface reliefs formed in the resin form optical structures which generate an optical image or optical information.

A method for determining the validity of a parallax image including receiving a captured two-dimensional image of a parallax image having at least three target identifiers, where at least two target identifiers are located at different depth planes in the parallax image; identifying the at least three target identifiers in the captured two-dimensional image of the parallax image and determining the spatial relationship between the at least three target identifiers in the two-dimensional image of the parallax image; comparing the spatial relationship of the at least three target identifiers in the captured two-dimensional image of the parallax image against a predetermined spatial relationship of the at least three target identifiers that indicates authenticity; and adjudicating the authenticity of the parallax image based on the degree of difference between the spatial relationship of the at least three target identifiers in the captured two-dimensional image and the predetermined spatial relationship.

Method of patterning a surface of an object or a tool with nano and/or micro structure elements having dimensions in a range of 1 nanometer to 1 millimeter, comprising the steps of producing a flexible mask with said nano or micro structure pattern formed on a surface of said flexible mask, chemically activating said surface of the flexible mask and/or said surface to be patterned of the tool, placing said patterned surface of the flexible mask in contact with said surface to be patterned of the object or tool, promoting a covalent bonding reaction between said patterned surface of the flexible mask in contact with said surface to be patterned, removing the flexible mask from the tool whereby a layer of said flexible mask remains bonded to said surface to be patterned of the tool, etching said surface to be patterned of the tool whereby the bonded layer of flexible mask material resists etching. An anti-activation mask defining a periphery of the surface area to be patterned, or peripheries of the surface area to be patterned if there are a plurality of separate portions of surface area to be patterned, is deposited on the flexible mask prior to placing the patterned surface of the flexible mask on the surface to be patterned. The anti-activation mask prevents bonding of the flexible mask to the surface of the object or tool in areas where the anti-activation mask is present.

An ultrasonic apparatus (100) for creating a holographic ultrasound field (1) comprises an ultrasound source device (10) being adapted for creating an ultrasound wave, and a transmission hologram device (20) having a transmission hologram (21) and an exposed acoustic emitter surface (22), said transmission hologram device (20) being acoustically coupled with the ultrasound source device (10) and being arranged for transmitting the ultrasound wave through the acoustic emitter surface (22) and creating the holographic ultrasound field in a surrounding space, wherein the acoustic emitter surface (22) is a smooth surface which do not influence the field distribution of the ultrasound wave. Furthermore, a method of creating a holographic ultrasound field in an object (3), wherein the ultrasonic apparatus (100) is used, and applications of the ultrasonic apparatus (100) are described.