A system for determining intestinal potential difference. The system includes a measurement probe including a measurement tube having a measurement lumen which houses a measurement electrode therein, a measurement fluid delivery system in fluid communication with the measurement lumen, the measurement fluid delivery system being configured to deliver an electrically-conductive fluid into the measurement lumen such that the electrically-conductive fluid is electrically coupled to the measurement electrode, and the measurement lumen including an outlet at a distal end thereof through which the electrically-conductive fluid exits the measurement lumen and contacts an intestinal tissue of a subject to provide electrical coupling between the measurement electrode and the intestinal tissue; a controller coupled to the measurement electrode configured to measure a potential difference between tire measurement electrode and a reference electrode electrically coupled to the subject.

A system for determining intestinal potential difference. The system includes a measurement probe including a measurement tube having a measurement lumen which houses a measurement electrode therein, a measurement fluid delivery system in fluid communication with the measurement lumen, the measurement fluid delivery system being configured to deliver an electrically-conductive fluid into the measurement lumen such that the electrically-conductive fluid is electrically coupled to the measurement electrode, and the measurement lumen including an outlet at a distal end thereof through which the electrically-conductive fluid exits the measurement lumen and contacts an intestinal tissue of a subject to provide electrical coupling between the measurement electrode and the intestinal tissue; a controller coupled to the measurement electrode configured to measure a potential difference between tire measurement electrode and a reference electrode electrically coupled to the subject.

The present disclosure provides an electrocardiographic measurement method, including: preparing a bar body to be gripped by a hand of a subject of an electrocardiographic measurement; providing a first and second electrode with a space in an axial direction of the bar body and providing a ground electrode with a space in a circumferential direction of the bar body from at least one of the first and second electrodes; connecting an electrocardiogram measuring circuit between the first and second electrodes, and measuring an electrocardiogram signal of the subject by an electrocardiogram measuring circuit while the subject grips the bar body with right and left hands at positions of the first and second electrodes so as to bring the right and left hands into contact with the first and second electrodes, respectively, and to bring the ground electrode into contact with one of the right and left hands.

An ECG system and a method for operating a handheld device that provides input to an ECG system are disclosed. The handheld device has a plurality of receiving channels. Each receiving channel includes an electrode that is adapted for receiving electrical signals from a patient's body when the electrode is pressed against the patient's body at a predetermined location on the patient's body. The method includes monitoring an output signal from each of the channels for any of a plurality of invalid signal conditions during a period of time in which the output signal is used to generate a standard lead or precordial lead trace, signaling a user that the handheld device is improperly positioned on the patient's body, and instructing the user on how to correct a placement of the handheld device based on the detected invalid signal condition.

A data acquisition system for use with expandable ECG electrode systems. The data acquisition system includes a main unit and one or more expansion units for increasing the number of ECG leads applied to a patient for enhanced monitoring capabilities. Multiple embodiments are illustrated for providing a common mode signal between the main electrode unit and expansion units without requiring the physical transmission of voltage potential between the main unit and the expansion unit. In one embodiment, the main unit and the expansion unit share a common ground reference potential. In a second embodiment, an optical signal is transmitted between the main unit and the extension unit to relay the common mode information while in a third embodiment, common electrode potentials are provided to both the main unit and the extension unit for constructing their own common reference signal.

Circuits are provided for detecting an electrosurgical unit signal. An example circuit includes: a filter configured to process a floating ground signal associated with measuring a bio-potential signal of a patient, and a detector configured to output a sensing signal based at least in part on the floating grounding and the Earth ground for detecting an electrosurgical unit signal.

Circuits are provided for detecting an electrosurgical unit signal. An example circuit includes: a filter configured to process a floating ground signal associated with measuring a bio-potential signal of a patient, and a detector configured to output a sensing signal based at least in part on the floating grounding and the Earth ground for detecting an electrosurgical unit signal.

The present disclosure facilitates capture of biosignal such as biopotential signals in microvolts, or sub-microvolts, resolutions that are at, or significantly below, the noise-floor of conventional electrocardiographic and biosignal acquisition instruments. In some embodiments, the exemplified system disclosed herein facilitates the acquisition and recording of wide-band phase gradient signals (e.g., wide-band cardiac phase gradient signals, wide-band cerebral phase gradient signals) that are simultaneously sampled, in some embodiments, having a temporal skew less than about 1 ?s, and in other embodiments, having a temporal skew not more than about 10 femtoseconds. Notably, the exemplified system minimizes non-linear distortions (e.g., those that can be introduced via certain filters) in the acquired wide-band phase gradient signal so as to not affect the information therein.

The present disclosure facilitates capture of biosignal such as biopotential signals in microvolts, or sub-microvolts, resolutions that are at, or significantly below, the noise-floor of conventional electrocardiographic and biosignal acquisition instruments. In some embodiments, the exemplified system disclosed herein facilitates the acquisition and recording of wide-band phase gradient signals (e.g., wide-band cardiac phase gradient signals, wide-band cerebral phase gradient signals) that are simultaneously sampled, in some embodiments, having a temporal skew less than about 1 ?s, and in other embodiments, having a temporal skew not more than about 10 femtoseconds. Notably, the exemplified system minimizes non-linear distortions (e.g., those that can be introduced via certain filters) in the acquired wide-band phase gradient signal so as to not affect the information therein.

An electrical connector having a main support with a front and back, top and bottom, and left and right opposite the left. Fingers extend forwardly from the front of the main support to a tip. The fingers each have a top and bottom and are arranged from left to right of the main support with gaps defined between them. A flexible circuit board has inner and outer surfaces with electrical leads on the outer surface. Openings are defined through the flexible circuit board between the electrical leads. The flexible circuit board is wrapped around the fingers such that the outer surface of the flexible circuit board is supported on both the top and the bottom of the fingers and the openings in the flexible circuit board are aligned with the gaps between the fingers.