A method for multi-spectral scattering-matrix tomography includes a step of splitting an input light signal into an incident light signal and a reference light signal. The sample light signal is directed to a sample in either a reflection configuration or a transmission configuration such that an output light signal includes light scattered from or transmitted through the sample. The incident signal and the reference light signal are directed to a camera angled to allow for amplitude and phase to be calculated by off-axis holography. A total light signal is measured with a camera that is a coherent sum of the reference light signal and the output signal. The total light signal for each light frequency and each incident angle are collected as collected total light signal data. A computing device derives an image of the sample from a calculated reflection matrix or transmission matrix or both of them.

The invention relates to a method for determining a surface map, such as a height map, of a sample surface having a first region with a first reflectivity and a second region with a second reflectivity. The invention further relates to an imaging system for determining a surface map of a sample surface having a first region with a first reflectivity and a second region having a second reflectivity. The invention is further related to a digital data carrier including a computer program which, when run on a processor of an imaging system according to the invention, causes the imaging system to perform the method according to the invention.

In some implementations, a method comprises: determining a set of characteristics of light spectra reflected or transmitted by a set of materials when the set of materials is illuminated by a plurality of light wavelengths; constructing one or more classifiers configured to classify each material of the set of materials based on the set of characteristics of the light spectra; using the classifiers, mapping each of the light spectra onto an area of an image sensor; wherein one or more optical elements filter and focus the light spectra onto one or more elements of a detector array; wherein each optical element focuses onto an area of the detector array; wherein the mapping is a 1:1 mapping; wherein each optical element uses a Bragg reflection condition to filter the light spectra and to focus the light spectra onto an element of the detector array.

The present disclosure concerns an imaging system for imaging a sample immersed in a controlled environment. The system comprisesat least one enclosure configured to hold at least one imaging sensor or camera inside the enclosure, the enclosure including at least one opening and at least one transparent window for imaging the sample; anda flexible channel comprising a first extremity and a second extremity, the first extremity being connected to the enclosure at said at least one opening and the second extremity being configured to be connected to a wall of the hermetic chamber, the flexible channel defining or enclosing a passage extending through the flexible channel and to or into the enclosure.

Systems and methods are provided for a digital holography system. The subject system uses wide-bandwidth data, monitor beams, and signal beams to form a digital interference, yielding a reference phase and angle that can be used to compensate DH phase errors. DH systems disclosed herein can provide an ability to sense and correct for phase errors and/or instabilities to perform DH vibrometry. Such a system provides a compact and low-cost solution to improve sensing in, for example, systems that rely on phase stability for precision 3D and/or vibration imaging.

The invention relates to an optical system (1) comprising at least the following components: a first holography arrangement (2) comprising a first diffraction element (3) which is formed by a first prism arrangement (4) having at least a quadrangular base surface, wherein a lateral surface of the first prism arrangement (4) has the following lateral surface regions: a first entrance surface (31) for reference light (100) extending along a first entrance plane (310), a second entrance surface (32) for object light (200) extending along a second entrance plane (320), wherein the first and second entrance surfaces (31, 32) form opposite lateral surface regions of the first prism arrangement (4), an exit surface (33) which extends along an exit plane (330) and through which diffracted reference light (102) and diffracted object light (201) can exit from the first diffraction element (3), a prism surface (34), opposite to the exit surface (33), extending along a prism plane (340), an optical transmission diffraction grating arrangement (36) which is arranged in the first diffraction element (3) and extends along a diffraction plane (360), which intersects the first entrance plane (310), between the first entrance surface (31) and the exit surface (33), wherein the transmission diffraction grating arrangement (36) of the first diffraction element (3) comprises at least one first volume phase hologram grating, and in that the first holography arrangement (2) has, on the side of the prism surface (34), a first mirror (35) having a first mirror plane (350), wherein the first mirror plane (350) encloses an angle with the diffraction plane (360) and the prism plane (340) encloses an angle .sub.2 with the diffraction plane (360), wherein at least one of the angles , .sub.2 is different from 45.

An optical measurement system includes a first light source that generates near infrared rays, a silicon-based image sensor, and an optical system including a beam splitter that divides light from the first light source into first light and second light. The optical system records with the image sensor, a first hologram resulting from modulation with second light, of light obtained by illumination of a sample with the first light, the second light being diverging light.

Apparatuses and methods for investigating the inside of a tissue cell are disclosed. Embodiments include diffusely scattering light off a target sample, producing two crossing beams from the scattered light, and using a camera to create an image from the light. Some embodiments utilize a Fourier lens and a Fresnel biprism, and optionally include a long-coherence light source, a delay plate (which can be a polarization rotator or an optical flat), and/or a beam expander. Still further embodiments utilize a diffraction grating, a spatial filter (which may include two differently sized apertures), and a Fourier lens, and optionally include differently sized apertures in the spatial filter. Some embodiments include a transparent support and illuminating the target at an oblique angle through the transparent support. Still further embodiments utilize a low-coherence light source and/or immobilizing the sample tissue using surface bonding chemistry.

The present invention provides a holographic imaging device and a holographic imaging method that have improved performance in which the influence of a refractive index of a cube-type beam coupler constituting an optical system is considered. The holographic imaging device 1 comprises the beam coupler 3 consisting of the cube-type beam splitter arranged between the object 4 and the image sensor 5 and the calculation reference light hologram generation unit 14 for generating an inline reference light hologram j.sub.L representing a light wave on the hologram plane 50 by performing a light wave propagation calculation including propagation inside the beam coupler 3, on a spherical wave emitted from the condensing point P2 of the inline spherical wave reference light L. The inline reference light hologram j.sub.L is a computer-generated hologram and used for generating an object light hologram g by removing component of the reference light L from a complex-amplitude inline hologram J.sub.OL representing the object light O and the inline spherical wave reference light L on the hologram plane 50.

A plaque detection method and apparatus wherein at least one processor is programmed to receive above focus images to detect the presence of live cells without detecting the lysed cell materials, receive below focus images wherein virtual dark regions exist which are similar to cell shadows as seeds in a segmentation process and use contours around each resulting shape to obtain a subset that are more likely to be part of the cell population to define a cell map. A distance map is created in which each pixel value is the distance of that pixel from the nearest pixel of the cell map and the distance map is thresholded to create a first image of the places which are relatively far from the cells a second image with a smaller distance threshold to get an image that mimics the edges of the cells.