An illumination unit emits an illumination light to a specimen. An image sensor includes multiple pixels arranged in a two-dimensional manner. The image sensor captures an image of the intensity distribution of an interference pattern formed due to the illumination light that has interacted with the specimen, and outputs image data. A defect information acquisition unit acquires defect position information that indicates the positions of defective pixels of the image sensor. A processing unit reconstructs a subject image that represents the specimen based on the image data and the defect position information.

Techniques to improve image quality in holography utilizing lenses made from materials with non-quantized anisotropic electromagnetic properties, such as birefringent materials, to advantageously split an incoming beam of light into two coincident beams with different focal lengths that interfere with one another and thus create holograms free of electro-optical or pixelated devices are disclosed. Corresponding systems, methods and apparatuses are described.

An apparatus and method are introduced to produce a hologram of an object from electromagnetic radiation, such as incoherent light, received from the object. The electromagnetic radiation is received by a receiving assembly and transformed into a plurality of co-linear co-propagating beams with different focal distances. The interference of the plurality of beams is enabled by projecting components of each beam along a common polarization direction. The interference patterns thus formed are recorded and then processed to form the hologram of the object.

An optical fiber splitter device comprising at least two optical fibers of different lengths is disclosed for partial or complete compensation of the optical path difference between waves interfering to generate a hologram or an interferogram. Various implementations of this fiber splitter device are described in apparatuses for holographic and interferometric imaging of microscopic and larger samples.

Example embodiments provide digital holographic techniques and associated systems for imaging through scattering media in a strictly one-sided observation in which the observer (e.g. the controller of the camera) has no access to the object plane nor does the observer introduce a fluorescing agent to the object plane. An example imaging system comprises a laser source, a digital sensor array, and a processing system. The processing system transmits light from the laser source to a target object; detects interference formed on the digital sensor array by a reference beam from the transmitted light and reflected light from the target object, the reflected light either travelling through or being reflected by a scattering medium located between the target object and the digital sensor array; jointly estimating, based on the detected interference, parameters defining the scattering behavior of the particular scattering medium and an image of the target object; and outputting the jointly estimated scattering parameters and an image of the target object.

In various embodiments a module for generating an interference pattern for producing a digital holographic image is provided. The module comprises an adaptive lens arrangement configured to receive, from a microscope, an object wave of an intermediate image of a sample to be examined, and to generate an adapted object wave of the intermediate image of the sample by reducing a curvature of the object wave of the intermediate image; a reference input interface configured to receive an optical fiber delivering a reference wave from the coherent light source to the module and an interference arrangement configured to generate an interference pattern to be received by an imaging sensor arrangement, wherein the interference pattern is based on the adapted object wave and the reference wave from a coherent light source; wherein a position of the reference input interface of the module is configured to be adjustable with respect to at least two directions (x-y), wherein at least one of the adjustable directions is in parallel to a propagation direction of the reference wave leaving the optical fiber.

A system for generating holographic images or videos comprising a camera array, a plurality of processors, and a central computing system. A method for generating holographic images can include receiving a set of images and processing the images.

A system or device includes a member structure, a plurality of flexible members, and a plurality of tips disposed at ends of the flexible members. The member structure includes an ultrasonic emitter configured to emit an ultrasonic imaging signal. The plurality of flexible members are coupled to the member structure. The plurality of tips are disposed at ends of the flexible members. At least one tip of the plurality of tips includes an image sensor configured to receive an infrared exit signal.

Example embodiments relate to imaging devices for in-line holographic imaging of objects. One embodiment includes an imaging device for in-line holographic imaging of an object. The imaging device includes a set of light sources configured to output light in confined illumination cones. The imaging device also includes an image sensor that includes a set of light-detecting elements. The set of light sources are configured to output light such that the confined illumination cones are arranged side-by-side and illuminate a specific part of the object. The image sensor is arranged such that the light-detecting elements detect a plurality of interference patterns. Each interference pattern is formed by diffracted light from the object originating from a single light source and undiffracted light from the same single light source. At least a subset of the set of light-detecting elements is arranged to detect light relating to not more than one interference pattern.

Some embodiments are directed to a technique having an off-axis interferometric geometry that is capable of spatially multiplexing at least six complex wavefronts, while using the same number of camera pixels typically needed for a single off-axis hologram encoding a single complex wavefront. Each of the at least six parallel complex wavefronts is encoded into an off-axis hologram with a different fringe orientation, and all complex wavefronts can be fully reconstructed. This technique is especially useful for highly dynamic samples, as it allows the acquisition of at least six complex wavefronts simultaneously, optimizing the amount of information that can be acquired in a single camera exposure. The off-axis multiplexing holographic system of some embodiments provide an off-axis holography modality that is more camera spatial bandwidth efficient than on-axis holography. Moreover, the off-axis interferometric system allows simple simultaneous acquisition of at least six holographic channels, making it attractive for imaging dynamics.