In each trial, brain electrical activity at multiple points of a target person is measured. An acquirer of a determination device acquires response matrices for n trials under a first condition and response matrices form trials under a second condition. An analyzer performs canonical correlation analysis on the acquired response matrices to obtain first canonical variable time series. A distance calculator calculates a distance between the trials from the obtained first canonical variable time series to obtain a distance matrix. A determiner obtains a possibility that the n trials and the m trials are classified into two different clusters from the distance matrix and determines whether the first condition and the second condition are substantially different. It is possible to provide to a single target person a first content in n trials and a second content in m trials so as to determine a difference in interest of the single target person. It is possible to provide the same content to a first subject who is the target person in n trials and to a second subject who is the target person in m trials so as to determine whether the two are different or the same.

An apparatus for generating a driving sound in a vehicle includes a first conversion device that receives first sound information and converts the received first sound information into second sound information, a second conversion device that converts the second sound information into third sound information based on a conversion parameter, a storage that receives feedback information of a user about the third sound information and corrects and stores the third sound information, and a playback device that plays the stored third sound information

An apparatus for generating a driving sound in a vehicle includes a first conversion device that receives first sound information and converts the received first sound information into second sound information, a second conversion device that converts the second sound information into third sound information based on a conversion parameter, a storage that receives feedback information of a user about the third sound information and corrects and stores the third sound information, and a playback device that plays the stored third sound information

Provided is a cognitive impairment diagnosis method including: receiving an electroencephalogram signal of a user by a cognitive impairment diagnosis device; preprocessing the electroencephalogram signal by the cognitive impairment diagnosis device; extracting features, by the cognitive impairment diagnosis device, from the electroencephalogram signal by using a brain connectivity-based analysis method; and outputting cognitive impairment diagnosis information of the user by the cognitive impairment diagnosis device, on the basis of features having a causal relationship with the cognitive impairment diagnosis information, among the extracted features.

Provided is a cognitive impairment diagnosis method including: receiving an electroencephalogram signal of a user by a cognitive impairment diagnosis device; preprocessing the electroencephalogram signal by the cognitive impairment diagnosis device; extracting features, by the cognitive impairment diagnosis device, from the electroencephalogram signal by using a brain connectivity-based analysis method; and outputting cognitive impairment diagnosis information of the user by the cognitive impairment diagnosis device, on the basis of features having a causal relationship with the cognitive impairment diagnosis information, among the extracted features.

In one aspect of the present disclosure, method includes: receiving neural data responsive to a listener's auditory attention; receiving an acoustic signal responsive to a plurality of acoustic sources; for each of the plurality of acoustic sources: generating, from the received acoustic signal, audio data comprising one or more features of the acoustic source, forming combined data representative of the neural data and the audio data, and providing the combined data to a classification network configured to calculate a similarity score between the neural data and the acoustic source using one or more similarity metrics; and using the similarity scores calculated for each of the acoustic sources to identify, from the plurality of acoustic sources, an acoustic source associated with the listener's auditory attention.

In one aspect of the present disclosure, method includes: receiving neural data responsive to a listener's auditory attention; receiving an acoustic signal responsive to a plurality of acoustic sources; for each of the plurality of acoustic sources: generating, from the received acoustic signal, audio data comprising one or more features of the acoustic source, forming combined data representative of the neural data and the audio data, and providing the combined data to a classification network configured to calculate a similarity score between the neural data and the acoustic source using one or more similarity metrics; and using the similarity scores calculated for each of the acoustic sources to identify, from the plurality of acoustic sources, an acoustic source associated with the listener's auditory attention.

Systems and methods for determining whether a user employs System 1 type thinking or System 2 type thinking when engaged in a task are disclosed. The systems and methods include determining one or more properties of the task based on information regarding the task received from a database storing information regarding the task, determining one or more properties of the user with respect to the task, determining a state of the user based on one or more physiological sensors configured to sense one or more characteristics of the user, and determining that the user employs System 1 type thinking or System 2 type thinking when engaged in the task based on the determined one or more properties of the task, the determined one or more properties of the user, and the determined state of the user.

A wearable device includes a housing with a window and an electronic module supported by the housing. The electronic module includes a photoplethysmography sensor, a motion sensor, and a signal processor that processes signals from the motion sensor and signals from the photoplethysmography sensor. The signal processor is configured to remove frequency bands from the photoplethysmography sensor signals that are outside of a range of interest using a band-pass filter to produce pre-conditioned signals, and to further process the pre-conditioned signals using the motion sensor signals to reduce motion artifacts from footsteps during subject running. The device includes non-air light transmissive material in optical communication with the photoplethysmography sensor and the window that serves as a light guide for the photoplethysmography sensor. The window optically exposes the photoplethysmography sensor to a body of a subject wearing the device via the non-air light transmissive material.

An electronic device is provided processor configured to: receive a biological signal of a user; detect whether the electronic device is attached to or detached from the user based on at least the biological signal; and control an I/O device operationally connected to the electronic device based on whether the electronic device is attached to or detached from the user.