A magnetic stimulation system has at least two magnetic coils, each coil to generate an induced electric field of a magnitude having a desired effect on a brain, at least two frequency controllers, wherein each coil is electrically connected to a corresponding frequency controller, the frequency controllers to adjust a frequency of power supplied to the corresponding coils according to a desired interference pattern, and at least one power source to provide power to the frequency controllers corresponding to each coil. A method of operating a magnetic stimulation system includes generating two or more signals to apply to two or more coils, each signal corresponding to one of the at least two coils, wherein at least two coils receive different signals and the different signals differ at least in frequency according to a desired temporal interference pattern.

Intraoral electronic sensing for health monitoring is disclosed. Wireless connectivity is provided between a processor and a wireless transmitting device. The wireless transmitting device is embedded in an intraoral sensing interface for use in a person. Sensors are coupled to the wireless transmitting device, wherein the sensors are attached to the intraoral sensing interface. The sensors include a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor to detect cardiac activity, a breathing sensor to detect pulmonary function, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor to detect three-dimensional motion, and a temperature sensor to monitor body temperature. Further sensors include an electroencephalogram sensor to detect brain activity. Health data about the person is provided to a receiving device, based on data from one or more of the PPG sensor, the breathing sensor, the IMU sensor, and the temperature sensor. The health data is provided using the wireless connectivity.

A headset and methods for using the headset to collect EEG data, PPG data and IMU data are disclosed. Raw EEG data generated from the headset (or other device) may be received. The EEG data may be run through spectral analysis to isolate various spectral components in each channel, isolating the brain wave components for each channel. Similar data for heart rate, respiratory rate and heart rate variability can be extrapolated from PPG data as well as the positional movements in space along with acceleration and angular velocity may be determined from IMU data. A visual display may be generated based on the isolated components.

A sleep assessment system includes a housing, processing circuitry, and a sensor assembly with a plurality of sensors configured to capture measurements that include indications of both brain and eye activity through the forehead of a subject. The processing circuitry is configured to receive sensor signals based on the measurements made by the plurality of sensors, process the sensor signals to generate sleep data, apply a sleep state convolutional neural network to the sleep data to determine a current sleep state of a subject, identify, based on the sleep data and the current sleep state, a sleep state-based data feature, and output a stimulus to the subject based on sleep state-based data feature. The housing is configured to be secured to the forehead of the subject, and the sensor assembly and processing circuitry are disposed on or within the housing.

A method and an apparatus for determining at least one smoothed data point (t.sub.k, s.sub.k) within a stream of data points {t.sub.i, s.sub.i} with 1≤i≤z, k<z is disclosed. Herein, the stream of data points {t.sub.i, s.sub.i} is consecutively acquired in a manner that a data point (t.sub.i, s.sub.i) is acquired after an acquisition of a preceding data point (t.sub.i−1, s.sub.i−1), wherein each data point (t.sub.i, s.sub.i) comprises a valid value or an invalid value or a missing value for the signal s.sub.i at a time t.sub.i. Herein, the signal s.sub.i at the time t.sub.i comprises physical, chemical, biological, environmental, and/or technical data acquired by means of a technical set-up. According to the method, a set of data points is provided, wherein for each smoothed data point (t.sub.k, s.sub.k) a smoothing set is created. For each smoothed data point (t.sub.k, s.sub.k), trailing data resulting from large gaps are removed until it is verified whether the smoothing set comprises a minimal number of data points. Thereafter, for each smoothed data point (t.sub.k, s.sub.k) an initial slope set is calculated, on which at least one exponential smoothing is applied, in which cause an at least once modified slope set is determined. By integrating the at least once modified slope set, a value for the smoothed data point (t.sub.k, s.sub.k) is determined and returned. The method provides a good degree of smoothing without introducing any lag time and with minimal distortions, and is capable of reporting derivatives for the set of smoothed data points at the same time. The method is particularly suited in real-time or nearly real-time measurements which may comprise large gaps within the stream of data points.

A method and an apparatus for determining at least one smoothed data point (t.sub.k, s.sub.k) within a stream of data points {t.sub.i, s.sub.i} with 1≤i≤z, k<z is disclosed. Herein, the stream of data points {t.sub.i, s.sub.i} is consecutively acquired in a manner that a data point (t.sub.i, s.sub.i) is acquired after an acquisition of a preceding data point (t.sub.i−1, s.sub.i−1), wherein each data point (t.sub.i, s.sub.i) comprises a valid value or an invalid value or a missing value for the signal s.sub.i at a time t.sub.i. Herein, the signal s.sub.i at the time t.sub.i comprises physical, chemical, biological, environmental, and/or technical data acquired by means of a technical set-up. According to the method, a set of data points is provided, wherein for each smoothed data point (t.sub.k, s.sub.k) a smoothing set is created. For each smoothed data point (t.sub.k, s.sub.k), trailing data resulting from large gaps are removed until it is verified whether the smoothing set comprises a minimal number of data points. Thereafter, for each smoothed data point (t.sub.k, s.sub.k) an initial slope set is calculated, on which at least one exponential smoothing is applied, in which cause an at least once modified slope set is determined. By integrating the at least once modified slope set, a value for the smoothed data point (t.sub.k, s.sub.k) is determined and returned. The method provides a good degree of smoothing without introducing any lag time and with minimal distortions, and is capable of reporting derivatives for the set of smoothed data points at the same time. The method is particularly suited in real-time or nearly real-time measurements which may comprise large gaps within the stream of data points.

A waveguide apparatus includes a planar waveguide and at least one optical diffraction element (DOE) that provides a plurality of optical paths between an exterior and interior of the planar waveguide. A phase profile of the DOE may combine a linear diffraction grating with a circular lens, to shape a wave front and produce beams with desired focus. Waveguide apparati may be assembled to create multiple focal planes. The DOE may have a low diffraction efficiency, and planar waveguides may be transparent when viewed normally, allowing passage of light from an ambient environment (e.g., real world) useful in AR systems. Light may be returned for temporally sequentially passes through the planar waveguide. The DOE(s) may be fixed or may have dynamically adjustable characteristics. An optical coupler system may couple images to the waveguide apparatus from a projector, for instance a biaxially scanning cantilevered optical fiber tip.

A waveguide apparatus includes a planar waveguide and at least one optical diffraction element (DOE) that provides a plurality of optical paths between an exterior and interior of the planar waveguide. A phase profile of the DOE may combine a linear diffraction grating with a circular lens, to shape a wave front and produce beams with desired focus. Waveguide apparati may be assembled to create multiple focal planes. The DOE may have a low diffraction efficiency, and planar waveguides may be transparent when viewed normally, allowing passage of light from an ambient environment (e.g., real world) useful in AR systems. Light may be returned for temporally sequentially passes through the planar waveguide. The DOE(s) may be fixed or may have dynamically adjustable characteristics. An optical coupler system may couple images to the waveguide apparatus from a projector, for instance a biaxially scanning cantilevered optical fiber tip.

Provided herein are methods for analyzing in vivo a brain circuit. A method of the present disclosure may include using optogenetics to stimulate a first region of a brain of an individual, in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of different regions of the brain to determine a dynamic functional connection between individual neurons of the first region and a second region of the brain. The method may further include identifying a third region of the brain, the neurons of which region mediate the dynamic functional connection between the first and second regions.

Provided herein are methods for analyzing in vivo a brain circuit. A method of the present disclosure may include using optogenetics to stimulate a first region of a brain of an individual, in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of different regions of the brain to determine a dynamic functional connection between individual neurons of the first region and a second region of the brain. The method may further include identifying a third region of the brain, the neurons of which region mediate the dynamic functional connection between the first and second regions.