Provided herein are methods, devices and compositions for assessing neuromodulation efficacy based on changes in the level of one or more biomarkers in plasma or urine collected from a human subject following a renal neuromodulation procedure.

Systems and techniques for nerve monitoring are described herein. The system can include a remote transmitter configured to send a stimulation signal to a nerve, and an electrosurgical device including an end effector configured to perform a surgical function in response to receiving a therapeutic signal from an electrosurgical generator. The system can also include a receiver configured to detect the stimulation signal, and in response to detecting the stimulation signal, determine a location of the nerve, and an in-vivo transmitter configured to emit a location signal in response to the determined location of the nerve.

A method of monitoring a patient for phrenic nerve collateral damage during a cardiac ablation procedure. The method includes measuring at least one from the group consisting of compound motor action potential (CMAP) and accelerometer signals in response to stimulating of the phrenic nerve. Real-time data is displayed on a display, the real-time data including the at least one from the group consisting of the measured CMAP and accelerometer signals. Long-term trend data is simultaneously displayed on the display, the long-term trend data being associated with the measured at least one from the group consisting of CMAP and accelerometer signals.

Systems and methods are described herein for determining whether cardiac conduction system pacing therapy may be beneficial and/or determining how proximal or distal a cardiac conduction system block may be using external cardiac signals. To do so, one or more left-sided metrics of electrical heterogeneity information may be generated based on left-sided surrogate cardiac electrical measured using a plurality of left external electrodes

Systems and methods are described herein for determining whether a patient's cardiac conduction system or portions thereof are engaged by cardiac conduction system pacing therapy. One or more local metrics of electrical heterogeneity information may be generated based on surrogate cardiac electrical measured using a plurality of local external electrodes, which may be used to determine whether the patient's cardiac conduction system is engaged.

Methods and apparatus for substantially real-time detection of spike events in neuromuscular data. The method comprises receiving a plurality of neuromuscular signals from a plurality of neuromuscular sensors arranged on one or more wearable devices worn by a user, detecting, based on the plurality of neuromuscular signals or information derived from the plurality of neuromuscular signals, at least one spike event corresponding to firing of an action potential in at least one motor unit, determining, based on the plurality of neuromuscular signals or the information derived from the plurality of neuromuscular signals, a biological source of the detected at least one spike event, and generating at least one output based, at least in part, on the detected at least one spike event and/or the determined biological source of the detected at least one spike event.

Described herein are microelectrode array devices, and methods of fabrication and use of the same, to provide highly localized and efficient electrical stimulation of a neurological target. The device includes multiple microelectrode elements arranged along an elongated probe shaft. The microelectrode elements are dimensioned and shaped so as to target individual neurons, groups of neurons, and neural tissue as may be located in an animal nervous system, such as deep within a human brain. Beneficially, the neurological probe can be used to facilitate location of the neurological target and remain implanted for long-term monitoring and/or stimulation.

A method is provided for processing a neural measurement obtained in the presence of noise, in order to detect whether a locally evoked neural response is present in the neural measurement. A first neural measurement is obtained from a first sense electrode. A second neural measurement is contemporaneously obtained from a second sense electrode spaced apart from the first electrode along a neural pathway of the neural response. A neural response decay is determined, being a measure of the decay in the neural response from the first sense electrode to the second sense electrode. A ratio of the neural response decay to an amplitude normalising term is calculated. From the ratio it is determined whether a locally evoked neural response is present in the neural measurement.

The disclosure describes devices and methods for providing transdermal electrical stimulation therapy to a subject including positioning a stimulator electrode over a glabrous skin surface overlying a palm of the subject and delivering electrical stimulation via a pulse generator transdermally through the glabrous skin surface and to a target nerve or tissue within the hand to stimulate the target nerve or tissue within the hand so that pain felt by the subject is mitigated. The pulses generated during the electrical stimulation therapy may include pulses of two different magnitudes.

A treatment system for stimulating the vagus nerves is described, comprising the following elements: —a detection and control unit (20); —at least one detection probe (10d, 10g) connected to the detection and control unit and intended to be applied to at least one of the two vagus nerves of a patient; —means (24) provided in the detection and control unit for detecting a phenomenon of mass discharge of action potentials in at least one vagus nerve using the detection probe or detection probes; —stimulation probes (10d, 10g) for stimulating vagus nerves, and—means (24) provided in the detection and control unit that are capable, in response to the detection of a mass discharge, of applying predefined asymmetric stimulation signals to said stimulation probes capable of causing a depolarization and/or hyperpolarization of the vagus nerves and of blocking the conduction of the action potentials at least in the efferent direction. The system is intended for preventing the risk of sudden death in the event of an epileptic seizure in epilepsy patients.