An apparatus and method for employing the macro- and micro-structure of sleep and similar states of consciousness to optimize pain-treatment are disclosed wherein an objective biomarker of pain-related sleep disturbance guides pain treatment from a sleep perspective. Furthermore, this concept can be extended to states of reduced consciousness such as coma or sedation. Additionally, it could be applied on individuals who are non-communicative due to injury, disease, language issues and/or infancy.

An apparatus and method for employing the macro- and micro-structure of sleep and similar states of consciousness to optimize pain-treatment are disclosed wherein an objective biomarker of pain-related sleep disturbance guides pain treatment from a sleep perspective. Furthermore, this concept can be extended to states of reduced consciousness such as coma or sedation. Additionally, it could be applied on individuals who are non-communicative due to injury, disease, language issues and/or infancy.

A method of determining a sleep phenotype of a subject includes defining a stimulus profile, defining a response profile, administering the stimulus profile to the subject, collecting response data of the subject in accordance with the response profile; comparing the response data to a set of reference data, and determining sleep phenotype based on the comparison of the response data to the reference data. The method is characterized by determining sleep phenotype based on measuring responses to administered stimuli rather than observing typical physiological data observed during periods of sleep.

An apparatus and method for detecting undiagnosed sleep disordered breathing uses daytime sleepiness and nighttime Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) severity. This involves detecting people with excessive daytime sleepiness (and high likelihood of falling asleep during the day) caused by OSA through objective and subjective daytime and nighttime monitoring. Screening is provided for those who are most likely to be suffering a daytime impact of their sleep apnea and thus most likely to respond positively to a potential diagnosis, and notifying these people is also provided.

A system includes facilitating therapy with couples working together for perceiving shared positive benefits by treating sleep disordered breathing issues. Spousal influence can greatly influence and motivate the patient in continuing the therapy. Moreover, through monitoring bed partners' sleep using wearable data, causal information about whose sleep is affecting whom can be inferred. Users can be prompted to seek diagnosis and treatment for sleep disordered breathing conditions and can be used to help coach around therapy adherence.

A method is provided of generating behavior recommendations for a user, and communicating these to a user by means of a linguistic message, and wherein the recommended behavior or properties of the linguistic message are configured based on a measure of circadian inconsistency for the user. The measure of circadian inconsistency is derived by comparing an expected circadian curve of the user (e.g. an average curve derived from historical data for the user) with an empirical circadian curve for a given day. A deviation between the two provides an indication of the circadian inconsistency for the given day, and this is used to inform content, timing, wording, or other properties of the behavior recommendations.

An interference signal measuring facility is in a differential voltage measuring system with a signal measuring circuit for measuring bioelectric signals with a number of useful signal paths, each with a sensor electrode. In an embodiment, the interference signal measuring facility has an additional sensor lead for each sensor electrode each of which is electrically connected to a ground connection of a supply lead of a sensor electrode; and a measuring amplifier circuit, for each sensor electrode connected to the additional sensor lead via an electrical resistor, configured to detect a change in electric potential occurring on the sensor lead and to determine an electrode reference interference signal therefrom. Also described is an interference signal compensation facility; a differential voltage measuring system; and a method for generation an interference-reduced biological measurement signal are described.

In various embodiments, methods are provided to improve motor function, and/or to improve motor control, and/or to improve sensory function, and/or to reduce pain in subjects with nerve root palsies (e.g., radiculopathies including, but not limited to cauda equina syndrome). In certain embodiments, methods are provided for the magnetic stimulation of the spinal cord or regions thereof to improve motor function of upper and/or lower extremities in subjects with impaired extremity motor function due to spinal cord or brain injury or pathology.

Physiological parameter(s) are determined from a biopotential having one or more signal distorting elements. The method may involve suppressing one or more signal distorting elements may be from an acquired biopotential signal by decomposing the acquired biopotential signal, identifying the one or more signal distorting elements present in the acquired biopotential signal and reconstructing the decomposed biopotential signal without the one or more identified signal distorting elements. The method may involve determining a physiological parameter by analyzing decomposed elements of an acquired biopotential signal.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems for intra-cardiac pattern matching are disclosed. A unipolar pattern intra-cardiac (IC) electromyography (EGM) signals is received for an area of a heart from a plurality of activity channels corresponding to a plurality of electrodes of a catheter. A window of interest (WOI) of the IC EGM signals is received representing an entire cycle length for a single heartbeat. A pattern of interest (POI) is selected to include a portion of WOI corresponding to an arrhythmia activation. A template POI is generated representative of the arrhythmia activation. Subsequent electrical activity is received, weights are applied and the subsequent electrical activity is compared with the template POI. A correlation score is generated and compared with a threshold correlation score.