An electrode lead may comprise a flexible circuit that includes a planar dielectric substrate including an elongated lead substrate portion having opposing ends, an electrode carrying substrate portion disposed on one end of the lead substrate portion, and a connector substrate portion disposed on the other end of the lead substrate portion, wherein the lead substrate portion is pre-shaped into a three-dimensional structure. The flexible circuit may further include an electrically conductive trace extending from the connector substrate portion to the electrode carrying substrate portion, a first window formed in the connector substrate portion to expose the electrically conductive trace to form a connector pad, and a second window formed in the electrode carrying substrate portion to expose the electrically conductive trace to form an electrode pad. The electrode lead may further comprise a lead connector that incorporates the connector substrate portion.

A method of replicating a mental state of a first subject in a second subject comprising: capturing a mental state of the first subject represented by brain activity patterns; and replicating the mental state of the first subject in the second subject by inducing the brain activity patterns in the second subject.

A training simulator for intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) systems includes channels where at least one of the channels is identified as an active stimulation channel and a subset of the rest of the channels is identified as reference or pick up sites. Channels of the subset having signal data that exceed a predefined threshold are retained for further processing, while channels with signal data that do not exceed the threshold are eliminated from further reporting. Response data for the remaining channels are generated in advance of a future time when the response would occur. The generated data is time stamped and stored for display at a time window when requested by the system.

A system and methods for performing neurophysiologic assessments during surgery, such as assessing the health of the spinal cord via at least one of MEP and SSEP monitoring and assessing bone integrity, nerve proximity, neuromuscular pathway, and nerve pathology during spine surgery.

A system and methods for performing neurophysiologic assessments during surgery, such as assessing the health of the spinal cord via at least one of MEP and SSEP monitoring and assessing bone integrity, nerve proximity, neuromuscular pathway, and nerve pathology during spine surgery.

A human body support has a plurality of electrodes arranged in an array and spaced longitudinally with respect to the human body. The array extends from an inferior position to a more superior position along the body. A sensor measures a parameter of the human body that is capable of indicating the presence of drowsiness. A controller has an input connected to the sensor for receiving a signal representing the sensed parameter and has outputs connected to each of the electrodes. The controller detects whether the sensed parameter is within a range indicating the presence of drowsiness and applies a wave of electrical stimuli against the human body in response to detection of a sensed parameter within the range. The electrical stimuli cause periodic tightening and relaxing of proximate muscles as the wave progresses in a direction from an inferior location on the human body toward a more superior location.

An apparatus and electronic circuitry wherein the apparatus includes a first electrode arranged to enable an output indicative of a bioelectrical signal to be provided; a second electrode; and a deformable material positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode wherein the deformable material is positioned within the apparatus such that deformation of the deformable material causes a change in charge distribution across the first electrode and second electrode to enable an output indicative of a biomechanical signal to be provided by the apparatus.

Various embodiments of a hearing device and a method of forming such device are disclosed. The device includes a housing adapted to be worn on or behind an ear of a wearer and includes a housing body and a top plate connected to the housing body. The hearing device further includes a sensor disposed on at least one of a first side surface and a second side surface of the housing body. The sensor is adapted to be in contact with either a pinna or a skull of the wearer. The sensor is further adapted to detect a physiological characteristic of the wearer and generate a sensor signal based on the physiological characteristic.

Various embodiments of a hearing device and a method of forming such device are disclosed. The device includes a housing adapted to be worn on or behind an ear of a wearer and includes a housing body and a top plate connected to the housing body. The hearing device further includes a sensor disposed on at least one of a first side surface and a second side surface of the housing body. The sensor is adapted to be in contact with either a pinna or a skull of the wearer. The sensor is further adapted to detect a physiological characteristic of the wearer and generate a sensor signal based on the physiological characteristic.

A portable and wearable hand-grasp neuro-orthosis is configured for use in a home environment to restore volitionally controlled grasp functions for a subject with a cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). The neuro-orthosis may include: a wearable sleeve with electrodes; electronics for operating the wearable sleeve to perform functional electrical stimulation (FES) and electromyography (EMG), the electronics configured for mounting on a wheelchair; and a controller configured for mounting on a wheelchair. The controller controls the electronics to read EMG via the sleeve, decode the read EMG to determine an intent of the user, and operate the electronics to apply FES via the sleeve to implement the intent of the user. The neuro-orthosis may restore hand function. The controller may include a display arranged to be viewed by the subject, for example mounted on an articulated arm attached to the wheelchair.