A method of determining a diameter of a sheath of an optic nerve includes obtaining, by a processor, scan data representative of the optic nerve sheath, analyzing, by the processor, the scan data to find a position of a globe-optic nerve interface point, segmenting, by the processor, the scan data, processing, by the processor, the segmented scan data at an offset from the position of the globe-optic nerve interface point to determine boundary positions of the optic nerve sheath, and calculating, by the processor, the diameter of the optic nerve sheath based on the determined boundary positions.

A stimulation electrode assembly configured to be positioned relative to a patient for an operative procedure is disclosed. An evoked stimulation response may be sensed by a sensor near a portion of a subject. The evoked response may be sensed by an electrode and determined with a monitoring system. The evoked response may additionally and/or alternatively be sensed with a motion sensor. A position sensor may be provided to measure or determine whether the sensor has moved during a procedure.

Electrical probe assemblies, such as nerve probe assemblies, are disclosed herein. In one example implementation, a nerve probe assembly may include an electrical probe including an electrode disposed on or about an end thereof for electrically stimulating tissue or recording stimulated tissue activity, an axial length of the electrical probe including a shapeable part; a rigid sheathing adapted to cover and thereby inhibit a portion of the shapeable part of the axial length of the electrical probe from being shaped, the portion of the shapeable part covered by the rigid sheathing being adjustable; and a handle and an adjustment structure affixed to respective ones of the electrical probe and the rigid sheathing, the handle and the adjustment structure adapted to cooperate to enable adjustment of the portion of the shapeable part of the axial length of the electrical probe covered by the rigid sheathing.

At least partial function of a human limb is restored by surgically removing at least a portion of an injured or diseased human limb from a surgical site of an individual and transplanting a selected muscle into the remaining biological body of the individual, followed by contacting the transplanted selected muscle, or an associated nerve, with an electrode, to thereby control a device, such as a prosthetic limb, linked to the electrode. Simulating proprioceptive sensory feedback from a device includes mechanically linking at least one pair of agonist and antagonist muscles, wherein a nerve innervates each muscle, and supporting each pair with a support, whereby contraction of the agonist muscle of each pair will cause extension of the paired antagonist muscle. An electrode is implanted in a muscle of each pair and electrically connected to a motor controller of the device, thereby simulating proprioceptive sensory feedback from the device.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to a system for detecting neurotransmitters. A non-limiting example of the system includes a porous electrode. A system can also include a pH sensor attached to the porous electrode, wherein the pH sensor includes a sensing electrode and a reference electrode. The system can also include electronic circuitry in communication with the pH sensor.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a technique whereby multiple projection targets are efficiently identified from multiple neurons in multiple brain areas with the use of multis-point light stimulation. An acquisition unit 52 acquires spike signals generated from multiple neurons existing in the vicinity of two or more recording sites. A stimulation control unit 51 selects one projection target candidate from two or more candidates in accordance with a definite system on the basis of the spike signals and then determines irradiation timing of light stimulation. Upon the light stimulation, a management unit 53 acquires the spike signals in all of the recording sites within a definite period of time before or after the light stimulation, while dividing the spike signals into anti responses and collision responses. An anti response management unit 81 acquires and manages information relating to the anti responses. A collision response management unit 82 acquires and manages information relating to the collision responses. A priority control section 54 corrects and determines priority depending on the anti response information and the collision response information.

A nervous tissue imaging system and a method therefor. The system includes: a housing containing an excitation light source, optically coupled with a source optical train, the excitation light source emits excitation light in a first wavelength range, which can be in a near ultraviolet light range, to illuminate a tissue region of interest including healthy nervous tissue and healthy non-nervous tissue. The excitation light in the first wavelength range causes the healthy nervous tissue, in response to being illuminated with the excitation light, to endogenously autoflouresce and emit first autofluorescence light at a first luminance in a second wavelength range. The healthy non-nervous tissue, in response to being illuminated with the excitation light, either avoids emitting any autofluorescence light in the second wavelength range; or endogenously autoflouresces and emits second autofluorescence light in the second wavelength range at a second luminance that is lower than the first luminance.

A monitoring system may include a processor and display system for displaying results from the monitoring. A user may be in a sterile field away from the processor and display system and selected input devices. A controller may be physically connected to the monitoring system from the sterile field to allow the user to control the monitoring system.

Example systems and techniques for denervation, for example, renal denervation. In some examples, a processor determines one or more tissue characteristics of tissue proximate a target nerve and a blood vessel. The processor may generate, based on the one or more tissue characteristics, an estimated volume of influence of denervation therapy delivered by a therapy delivery device disposed within the blood vessel. The processor may generate a graphical user interface including a graphical representation of the tissue proximate the target nerve and the blood vessel and a graphical representation of the estimated volume of influence.

Systems and methods for treating a fibrous mass, which is comprised of a plantar fibroma, are disclosed. In one exemplary implementation, a method may comprise identifying a location of the fibrous mass and non-surgically delivering electromagnetic energy to the fibrous mass. Embodiments may include delivering the energy via a Nd:Yag laser at various specified parameters, such as energy level, pulse count, and tissue depth, among others.