The present invention discloses indicator fluids, reference indicator fluid, and usage thereof, and systems and methods for assessing movement of molecular substances within, to or from a cerebrospinal fluid, brain or spinal cord compartment of a human cranio-spinal cavity. Indicator fluid moving from the cerebrospinal fluid compartment enables measurements of levels of indicator fluid in blood or urine and assessment of the cranio-spinal cavity's ability to remove molecular substances. The indicator fluids may be contrast agents used for imaging, such as by computed tomography imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging, or imaging utilizing radioactive substances by positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography or scintigraphy. Using these imaging modalities, the invention describes indicator fluids, systems and methods enabling assessment of movement of substances within, to or from a cerebrospinal fluid, brain or spinal cord compartment of a cranio-spinal cavity, and from the human cranio-spinal cavity to lymphatic pathways or kidneys.

A method for the treatment of a person suffering from neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, or Huntington's disease by treating the patient's brain, over the span of one year or less with a plurality of doses of ionizing radiation, each dose being more than 2.5 mJ/kg but less than 150 mJ/kg with the total dose being more than 10 mJ/kg but less than 400 mJ/kg.

This disclosure relates to a system and method to implement a performance test to help evaluate a patient's neurological and cognitive function. The performance test can be executed by the patient autonomously using a portable computing device, such as a tablet computer or smart phone. The portable computing device can be programmed to execute a set of modules configured to assess motor and cognitive performance, such as a manual function test module, a cognitive processing speed test module, and a movement assessment test module. The set of modules can also include a collection module to aggregate test data from the manual function test module, the cognitive processing speed test module, and the movement assessment test module.

The disclosure provides a transmissive light based tremor identification method and a system thereof. The method includes: projecting, with a transmissive light, a first optical pattern to a part to be measured, wherein the transmissive light penetrates a surface of the part to be measured and correspondingly forms a second optical pattern on an internal structure of the part to be measured, and the second optical pattern is synthesized to include at least one intersection; capturing a plurality of images of the second optical pattern on the internal structure of the part to be measured and acquiring a motion feature of each intersection based on the images; and identifying a tremor pattern of the internal structure of the part to be measured based on the motion feature of each intersection.

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) or Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD) can be treated using high frequency (HF) electrostimulation. This can include selecting or receiving a subject presenting with RLS or PLMD. At least one electrostimulation electrode can be located at a location associated with at least one of, or at least one branch of, a sural nerve, a peroneal nerve, or a femoral nerve. HF electrostimulation can be delivered to the subject, which can include delivering subsensory, subthreshold, AC electrostimulation at a frequency that exceeds 500 Hz and is less than 15,000 Hz to the location to help reduce or alleviate the one or more symptoms associated with RLS or PLMD. A charge-balanced controlled-current HF electrostimulation waveform can be used.

Use of non-contact patient monitoring systems to detect, diagnose, monitor and/or adjust therapy for diseases or conditions that have motion-based symptoms, symptoms such as limb tremors, spasms, etc. that can be correlated to diseases or conditions such as Essential tremor, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, or a diabetic episode. Information garnered by the non-contact monitoring system, information such as location, frequency, severity, and duration of the motion, can be collected and analyzed so that a diagnosis can be made and/or a treatment plan developed and/or adjusted by the patient's caretaker. The non-contact monitoring can provide real-time feedback regarding effectiveness of therapies or treatments, such as, e.g., neurological stimulation.

Parkinson's disease is characterized by degeneration of highly metabolic dopaminergic neurons which produce clinical signs to include tremor, rigidity, and glabellar reflex. There are few objective, inexpensive, sensitive, and specific tests for early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. In this invention, patients who manifest early objective signs of possible Parkinson's disease are pretreated with a supplement to increase central nervous system NAD.sup.+, and then subsequently administered a sodium L-lactate infusion after which the signs of early Parkinson's disease are recorded. Remission of the early signs of Parkinson's disease is diagnostic for Parkinson's disease. A clinical trial is suggested.

A method of detecting one or more change in an eye and a method diagnosing or providing an indication of an eye disease or eye condition or a neurodegenerative disease or condition, or a predisposition thereto are disclosed. The method of detection comprises comparing an image of the eye with at least one asynchronous image of the eye to thereby detect the one or more change in the eye wherein the change comprises a darkening or lightening in pigment of the Retinal Pigmented Epithelium (RPE) in the macula. The method of diagnosing or providing an indication of an eye disease or eye condition or a neurodegenerative disease or condition or a predisposition thereto comprises the same comparison and when the change is detected, providing a diagnosis of, indication of or to an eye disease or eye condition or a neurodegenerative disease or condition or a predisposition thereto.

Objects of interest which project beyond the fovea are poorly resolved and lack color information, requiring movement of the eyes in order to obtain a comprehensive image and perception of the surrounding world. Eye movements emanate from different areas of the brain which can be affected by disease and or injury. As such, different neurological disorders will affect a myriad of eye movements in a variety of different ways. An automated system and method, capable of detecting, analyzing and summarizing a person's eye movements is used to detect (diagnose) (either before or after symptoms of said neurological disease are apparent), confirm a prior diagnosis, and/or to monitor the treatment effectiveness for a variety of neurological diseases, neurological movement disorders and potential brain injuries. The analyzed and summarized eye movements are cataloged, interpreted and utilized in a diagnostic matrix in order to highlight and distinguish abnormal eye movements, and to provide an objective clinical or pre-clinical/pre-symptomatic diagnosis based on the non-invasive testing procedures.

In one embodiment, a method for detecting tremors includes generating electromagnetic fields proximate to an individual's body part with a circuit to generate an eddy current density on a surface of the body part, receiving magnetic fields generated by the eddy current with the circuit that change a resonant frequency of the circuit, sensing the resonant frequency as it changes over time, and determining a movement frequency of the body part from the resonant frequency to quantify tremors in the body part.