In a method for generating a surrogate marker based on medical image data mapping an image region, the medical image data is detected using a first interface, a first subregion of the image region is selected by segmenting a first structure included in the image region, a first property of the first subregion is extracted, the surrogate marker is determined based on the first property, and the surrogate marker is provided using a second interface.

A wireless near-infrared spectrometry sensor includes a light source for emitting near-infrared energy into tissue and a light receiver for receiving the near-infrared energy after it exits the tissue. The sensor may include a portable energy source for supplying energy to the light source. A processing module may control the light source and process readings in connection with the light source. A wireless transceiver may be coupled to the processing module for at least one of transmitting and receiving information, wherein the light source emits near-infrared energy at predetermined intervals in order to conserve energy in the portable energy source. The portable energy source may include at least one of a battery, a capacitor, a thermoelectric generator, a kinetic energy transducer, electricity derived from RF energy, and any combination thereof. The sensor may further include a substrate for support and which may be part of a sterile bandage.

Stimulation of neural activity in a nerve supplying the spleen, wherein the nerve is associated with a neurovascular bundle, can modulate pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules levels, thereby reducing inflammation and providing ways of treating inflammatory disorders. The invention provides improved ways of treating inflammatory disorders which minimize off-target effects.

An insulin infusion device includes a cannula for infusing insulin under the skin and an insulin infusion section for storing therein insulin to be delivered to the cannula. The insulin infusion device also includes a motion measurement section that measures the tilt angle or rotation angle of a center axis of the insulin infusion section from a neutral position thereof, or vibration applied to the insulin infusion section, to output a measured value as motion information of living activity. The insulin infusion device also includes a controlling section that controls, based on the motion information, a process of notifying a user of the timing or recommended direction of priming of the insulin infusion section.

Stimulation of neural activity in a nerve supplying the spleen, wherein the nerve is associated with a neurovascular bundle, can modulate pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules levels, thereby reducing inflammation and providing ways of treating inflammatory disorders. The invention provides improved ways of treating inflammatory disorders which minimize off-target effects.

Isotropic generalized diffusion tensor imaging methods and apparatus are configured to obtain signal attenuations using selected sets of applied magnetic field gradient directions whose averages produce mean apparent diffusion constants (mADCs) over a wide range of b-values, associated with higher order diffusion tensors (HOT). These sets are selected based on analytical descriptions of isotropic HOTs and the associated averaged signal attenuations are combined to produce mADCs, or probability density functions of intravoxel mADC distributions. Estimates of biologically-specific rotation-invariant parameters for quantifying tissue water mobilities or other tissue characteristics can be obtained such as Traces of HOTs associated with diffusion and mean t-kurtosis.

A device and method of using the device to detect the presence and composition of clots and other target objects in a circulatory vessel of a living subject is described. In particular, devices and methods of detecting the presence and composition of clots and other target objects in a circulatory vessel of a living subject using in vivo photoacoustic flow cytometry techniques is described.

The present disclosure describes embodiments of a patient monitoring system and methods that include the measure and display of hemoglobin statistics. In an embodiment, total hemoglobin trending is displayed over a period of time. Statistics can include frequency domain analysis, which may be unique for each patient monitored. The total hemoglobin trending and/or statistics can further be used to help control the treatment of a patient, such as being used to control IV administration.

A patient table adapted for use in association with an MR scanner for neonatal infants is provided. The patient table has an extendable patient bed attached to and extendable from the patient table. The patient bed may be at least partially inserted into an MR scanner without requiring the patient table to enter the MR scanner. A transport mechanism is on the underside of the patient table so that it may be readily moved over the floor on which it rests. The patient table includes a latching mechanism that may operate to releasably attach the patient table to a patient table docking assembly. The docking assembly is operative to selectively move the patient table towards, into and away from the MR scanner.

Vasculature or parenchyma is imaged using upright MRI techniques, on patients who may have conditions such as congestive heart failure, or otherwise be healthy. When an individual is horizontal, venous drainage is minimized, causing the vessels to remain engorged, also referred to herein as vascular congestion. Vascular congestion results in an enlarging of the vessels and surrounding tissue causing the vessels to be more visible on MRIs. The decrease in vascular visibility in upright subjects is in part, due to an increase in venous drainage. Patients suffering from coronary and/or pulmonary deficiencies (e.g. CHF) experience decreased rates and degrees of venous drainage. In one embodiment, the present invention uses upright imaging to visualize these enlarged vessels.