In general, devices, systems, and methods for multi-source imaging are provided.

Devices detect and assist in the avoidance of blood vessels during a surgical procedure—to avoid rupturing these blood vessels. Devices may be any penetration sensor device (such as a dilator sensor device, hollow needle sensor device, or trocar sensor device) that penetrates the skin and subcutaneous layers to reach a target location inside the body. The device includes a sensor probe which can make optical measurements to determine various parameters of the tissue at the tip of the sensor probe. These parameters may include an optical signal level returned from tissue contacting the tip of the sensor probe, an oxygen saturation level of the tissue, a total hemoglobin concentration, a blood flow, and a pulse. Based on these parameters, the presence or absence of a blood vessel at the tip of the device can be determined while the device travels towards the target location for surgery.

A device of an embodiment includes: an optical mechanism; a control computation unit that controls driving of the optical mechanism, acquires a tomographic image of skin by processing an optical interference signal from an optical system, and calculates a network of blood vessels on the basis of the tomographic image; and a display device that displays an image of the network of blood vessels. The control computation unit sets a reference profile obtained by function approximation of an intensity profile in a depth direction of the acquired tomographic image, calculates a difference between an intensity value on the reference profile and an actual intensity value as an outlier V, the intensity values being those in the depth direction in the tomographic image, determines, as blood vessels or blood vessel candidates, coordinates with the outliers V within a predetermined blood vessel determination range, and calculates the network of blood vessels.

Disclosed herein is an ultrasound imaging system including an ultrasound probe and a blood vessel visualization device. The ultrasound probe includes an ultrasound generation device and is configured to detect one or more blood vessels. The blood vessel visualization device is configured to project a depiction of the blood vessel topography within a target area. The blood vessel visualization device can include one or more near-infrared/infrared emitters configured to generate infrared/near-infrared waves within the target area, one or more near-infrared/infrared sensors configured to detect the difference in reflective properties of tissue and blood vessels within the target area, and one or more visual light projectors configured to project a blood vessel visualization depiction of the blood vessel topography onto the target area.

A catheter system may include a catheter lumen, first and second electrodes, and a sensor in communication with the first and second electrodes. The sensor may be configured to detect at least one of: a bulk volume of blood within a blood vessel and extravasation of a drug from the blood vessel into soft tissue adjacent the blood vessel. Other catheter systems may include a catheter lumen and a sensing chip coupled to the catheter lumen. The sensing chip may be configured to detect at least one of: a bulk volume of blood within a blood vessel and extravasation of a drug from the blood vessel into soft tissue adjacent the blood vessel.

A method for monitoring diffusion of a fluorescent marker within a region of biological tissue includes observing the marker's diffusion in a series of images captured by a camera and determining whether to display an image based at least in part on the evolution of the marker's spatial distribution as it perfuses through the tissue.

A method for manufacturing a photoelectric conversion element according to an aspect includes an active layer forming step of forming an active layer having a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 1. The active layer forming step includes: a first layer forming step of forming a first layer by applying polyamic acid serving as a precursor; a first heating step of heating the first layer at 120° C. for 20 minutes to 60 minutes; and a second heating step of heating the first layer at 230° C. to 280° C. for 10 minutes.

An exemplary tissue detection and location identification apparatus can include, for example, a first electrically conductive layer at least partially (e.g., circumferentially) surrounding a lumen, an insulating layer at least partially (e.g., circumferentially) surrounding the first electrically conductive layer, and a second electrically conductive layer circumferentially surrounding the insulating layer, where the insulating layer can electrically isolate the first electrically conductive layer from the second electrically conductive layer. A further insulating layer can be included which can at least partially surrounding the second electrically conductive layer. The first electrically conductive layer, the insulating layer, and the second electrically conductive layer can form a structure which has a first side and a second side disposed opposite to the first side with respect to the lumen, where the first side can be longer than the second side thereby forming a sharp pointed end via the first side at a distal-most portion. The exemplary configuration can be used for (a) determination/detection of a tissue type using impendence of the electrically conductive layers, and/or (ii) determination of a location of at least one portion of the insertion device/apparatus. Another exemplary apparatus can include, for example, a base structure comprising a lumen extending along a length thereof, and at least one optically-transmissive layer circumferentially surrounding the base structure and provided at least at a distal end of the base structure. For example, in operation, the optically-transmissive layer can be configured to transmit a particular optical radiation at the distal end thereof toward a target tissue.

A medical system that includes a temperature scanning device configured to identify and locate blood vessels by obtaining a thermal image from a skin surface where blood flowing within blood vessels beneath the skin surface has been altered to define temperature variations of the skin. The system includes a console configured to communicate with the temperature scanning device, the console including processors and logic that, when executed by the processors, causes operations including defining the thermal image. The system may further include a camera, and/or an ultrasound probe. The thermal image may be portrayed on various forms of a display include augmented reality glasses. The thermal image may be overlayed onto a camera image and/or an ultrasound image.

A vehicle air-conditioner temperature controlling method, a vehicle air-conditioner temperature controlling system and a storage medium. The vehicle air-conditioner temperature controlling method includes: controlling an air-conditioner to perform heating and cooling according to a current contraction-dilation state of a vein vessel of a user.