Hemodynamic performance of a heart may be improved by determining, from a location associated with a diaphragm, an occurrence of a valid cardiac event; and then delivering asymptomatic electrical stimulation therapy directly to the diaphragm at termination of a diaphragmatic stimulation delay period that is timed relative to the occurrence of the valid cardiac event. The diaphragmatic stimulation delay period may be automatically established by sensing a plurality of cardiac events directly from a diaphragm; and for each of the sensed cardia events, determining whether the sensed cardiac event represents a valid cardiac event or a non-valid cardiac event. The diaphragmatic stimulation delay period is then calculated based on a plurality of sensed cardia events that are determined to be valid.

An example device includes memory configured to store a measure of COPD severity of a patient and processing circuitry communicatively coupled to the memory. The processing circuitry is configured to receive an electromyogram (EMG) of the patient, receive one or more signals indicative of respiration rate of the patient, and receive one or more signals indicative of tidal volume of the patient. The processing circuitry is configured to determine, based on the respiration rate of the patient and the tidal volume of the patient, a minute ventilation of the patient. The processing circuitry is configured to determine, based on the minute ventilation of the patient and the EMG of the patient, the measure of COPD severity of the patient, and generate an indication for output that is based at least in part on the measure of COPD severity of the patient.

A neural interface includes a first dielectric material having at least one first opening for a first electrical conducting material, a first electrical conducting material in the first opening, and at least one first interconnection trace electrical conducting material connected to the first electrical conducting material. A stiffening shank material is located adjacent the first dielectric material, the first electrical conducting material, and the first interconnection trace electrical conducting material.

A biodegradable pressure sensor for measuring vital physiological pressures and for preventing the buildup of dangerous internal forces in impaired organs. The pressure sensor is constructed by depositing Mg or Mo on both sides of a PLLA film. This layered configuration (Mg/PLLA/Mg) or (Mo/PLLA/Mo) may then be encapsulated by layers of high molecular weight PLA. These materials are biodegradable such that after implantation, the sensor does not require invasive removal surgery that can damage directly interfaced tissues.

Use of the peritoneal space provides a more direct tracking of blood glucose, capturing faster glucose kinetics, avoiding membrane/encapsulation effects, having less lag time and lag time variability, and eliminating the effect of variations in skin temperature, cardiac output, and body position during sleep. A peritoneal sensor system may be implanted within the peritoneal space and may generally include a sensor/sampler portion, which is implanted in the peritoneal space, and a control portion/controller, which may be implanted elsewhere, such as subcutaneously, or may be external to the patient.

An physiological measurement device provides a device body having a base, legs extending from the base and an optical housing disposed at ends of the legs opposite the base. An optical assembly is disposed in the housing. The device body is flexed so as to position the housing over a tissue site. The device body is unflexed so as to attach the housing to the tissue site and position the optical assembly to illuminate the tissue site. The optical assembly is configured to transmit optical radiation into tissue site tissue and receive the optical radiation after attenuation by pulsatile blood flow within the tissue.

An implantable intraocular physiological sensor for measuring a physiological characteristic, such as intraocular pressure. The implantable intraocular physiological sensor may include a tubular main body configured to house one or more electrical components. The implantable intraocular physiological sensor may also include a sensor cap configured to be inserted into a first end of the tubular main body with a moisture barrier seal. The implantable intraocular physiological sensor may wirelessly transmit measurements to an external device.

An eye-mountable device includes an electrochemical sensor embedded in a polymeric material configured for mounting in front of a surface of an eye. The electrochemical sensor includes a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a reagent that selectively reacts with an analyte to generate a sensor measurement related to a concentration of the analyte in a fluid to which the eye-mountable device is exposed. The working electrode can have at least one dimension less than 25 micrometers. The reference electrode can have an area at least five times greater than an area of the working electrode. A portion of the polymeric material can surround the working electrode and the reference electrode such that an electrical current conveyed between the working electrode and the reference electrode is passed through the at least partially surrounding portion of the transparent polymeric material.

Methods, apparatus and systems for measuring pressure and/or for quantitative or qualitative measurement of analytes within the eye or elsewhere in the body. Optical pressure sensors and/or optical analyte sensors are implanted in the body and light is cast from an extracorporeal light source, though the cornea, conjunctiva or dermis, and onto a reflective element located within each pressure sensor or analyte sensor. The position or configuration of each sensor's reflective element varies with pressure or analyte concentration. Thus, the reflectance spectra of light reflected by the sensors' reflective elements will vary with changes in pressure or changes in analyte concentration. A spectrometer or other suitable instrument is used to process and analyze the reflectance spectra of the reflected light, thereby obtaining an indication of pressure or analyte concentration adjacent to the sensor(s). The wavelength of the interrogating beam of light may vary to control out potential interference or inaccuracies in the system.

Disclosed biopsy markers are adapted to serve as localization markers during a surgical procedure. Adaptation includes incorporation of materials detectable under ultrasound during surgery, as well as features for co-registration with image guidance or other real-time imaging technologies during surgery. Such biopsy markers, when used as localization markers, improve patient comfort and reduce challenges in surgical coordination and surgery time. Additional disclosed biopsy markers are adapted to serve as monitoring and/or detection apparatuses. Localization of an implanted marker may be done with ultrasound technology. Ultrasound image data is analyzed to identify the implanted marker. A distance to the marker or a lesion may be determined and displayed. The determined distance may be a distance between the ultrasound probe and the marker or lesion, a distance between the marker or lesion and an incision instrument, and/or a distance between the ultrasound probe and the incision instrument.