Apparatus and methods remove a voltage offset from an electrical signal, specifically a biomedical signal. A signal is received at a first operational amplifier and is amplified by a gain. An amplitude of the signal is monitored, by a first pair of diode stages coupled to an output of the first operational amplifier, for the voltage offset. The amplitude of the signal is then attenuated by the first pair of diode stages and a plurality of timing banks. The attenuating includes limiting charging, by the first pair of diode stages, of the plurality of timing banks and setting a time constant based on the charging. The attenuating removes the voltage offset persisting at a threshold for a duration of at least the time constant. Saturation of the signal is limited to a saturation recovery time while the saturated signal is gradually pulled into monitoring range over the saturation recovery time.

A pulse discrimination device is configured to receive electrical signals from a plurality of positions of a living body to which a pacing device for outputting a pacing pulse to cause a heart to beat is attached, and is configured to discriminate the pacing pulse included in the electrical signals. The pulse discrimination device includes: a differential processor configured to calculate a difference of the electrical signals received from the plurality of positions; a sum processor configured to calculate a sum of the electrical signals received from the plurality of positions; and a pulse discrimination unit configured to discriminate the pacing pulse included in the electrical signals based on the difference obtained by the differential processor and the sum obtained by the sum processor.

A method for controlling electrical conditions of tissue in relation to a current stimulus. A first current produced by a first current source is delivered to the tissue via a current injection electrode. A second current drawn by a second current source is extracted from the tissue via a current extraction electrode. The second current source is matched with the first current source so as to balance the first current and the second current. A ground electrode which is proximal to the current injection electrode and the current extraction electrode is grounded, to provide a ground path for any mismatch current between the first current and second current. A response of the tissue to the current stimulus is measured via at least one measurement electrode.

A method and device for detecting phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS) in, or using, a cardiac medical device. A test signal sensitive to contraction of a diaphragm of a patient may be sensed and signal artifacts of the test signal within each of a first window of the test signal prior to a predetermined cardiac signal and a second window of the test signal subsequent to the predetermined cardiac signal may be determined. The PNS beat criteria may be evaluated, for example, using the test signal, which may be a heart sounds signal.

A thermoacoustic transducer integrating at least one piezoelectric element having a first surface and a second surface, a potential electrode that is electrically connected to the second surface, a ground electrode that is electrically connected to the first surface, a switch electrically connected to both the potential electrode and the ground electrode, a timer configured to match a pulse emanating from a radio-frequency emitter, further wherein the potential electrode and the ground electrode are electrically connected through an impedance when the switch is in an active state, further wherein the potential electrode and the ground electrode are not electrically connected when the switch is in an inactive state; and a housing accommodating the at least one piezoelectric element, potential electrode, ground electrode, and switch.

Disclosed herein are various embodiments of an interface control subsystem that may be used between an electrode terminal and a recording terminal of a neurostimulation and neurorecording system. The interface control subsystem may operate in three modes. In a disable mode, a first transistor and a second transistor disposed between the electrode terminal and the recording terminal may operate in a cutoff region and generate a high impedance. In an active mode, the first transistor and the second transistor may operate in a saturation region and generate a low impedance. In a stimulation mode, the first transistor and the second transistor operate in a triode region and generate an impedance between the high impedance of the disable mode and the low impedance of the active mode. The interface control subsystem may further limit voltage at the recording terminal in response to a detected overvoltage condition.

Method and systems are provided for monitoring neuromuscular blockade in patients during surgical procedures. The system and method utilizes a stimulator to provide stimulation to a nerve of the patient, such as train-of-four (TOF). Following such stimulation, the system and method monitors for muscle twitch reaction and, based upon the monitored muscle twitches, the system and method creates a neuromuscular blocking trend curve. The neuromuscular blocking trend curve provides an estimated time of recovery for the patient and provides the estimated recovery time to a clinician. The estimated recovery time allows the clinician to modify treatment of the patient to accelerate recovery if required.

Fast recovery electrocardiogram (ECG) signal method and apparatus are provided. In one embodiment, an ECG apparatus includes an input for receiving a biometric cardiogram signal, such as a Wilson Central Terminal (WCT) signal, and a combiner, such as an adder, for producing a compensated signal. Processing circuitry produces an ECG reflective of the compensated signal and also outputs a signal corresponding to high frequency response of the compensated signal to compensate for low response of the biometric cardiogram signal to high frequency spikes. A resultant ECG is produced by the processing circuitry having pacing signal contribution within the biometric cardiogram signal cancelled.

An assembly for enabling a caregiver to secure a physiological monitoring device to an arm of a user can include the physiological monitoring device a cradle configured to removably secure to the physiological monitoring device and to the user’s arm. The physiological monitoring device can include a first connector port configured to electrically connect to a first cable and a first locking tab movable between an extended position and a retracted position. The cradle can include a base, first and second sidewalls, a back wall connected to the base and the first and second sidewalls. The cradle can further include a first opening in the back wall configured to receive the first connector port and a second opening in the first sidewall configured to receive the first locking tab when the physiological monitoring device is secured to the cradle and the first locking tab is in the extended position.

A method of reducing interference with an electrical monitoring device includes sensing an interference signal at a first location in a body resulting from reception of a second signal at a second location in the body, and delivering an electrical counter signal to the patient that destructively interferes with the interference signal to prevent interference with the electrical monitoring device.