A terahertz field effect non-invasive biofeedback diagnosis system comprises a trigger sensor, a terahertz wave source field unit, and a central processing & telemetry unit. The central processing and telemetry unit (CP&T) is used to generate different types of stimulus signals to patients and system operation units. The biofeedback diagnosis system is used to form two biofeedback loops: one loop is through a CP&T-patient-trigger sensor loop and the other loop is through a CP&T-operation unit-trigger sensor loop. The trigger sensor can remotely obtain the biofeedback signal of the patient, and process the feedback signal into a digital signal and send it back to the central processing and telemetry unit. In order to improve the feedback signal of patients, the terahertz wave source field unit is placed near the patient, so as to trigger the feedback signals of biological cells, tissues, organs and brain waves of patients for diagnosis.

An external defibrillator comprises an energy storage module, a discharge circuit, electrodes, a measurement circuit to sense contemporaneously a first ECG signal from a first vector and a second ECG signal from a second vector, and a subsequent ECG signal, and a processor. The processor is configured to multiply values of the first ECG signal with values of the second ECG signal to derive a product waveform, detect, in the product waveform, peaks that exceed a detection threshold, measure durations of time intervals between pairs of successive detected peaks, compute a heart rate of the patient from the measured durations of the time intervals, determine from the subsequent ECG signal whether a shock criterion is met, and when met, control the discharge circuit to discharge a stored electrical charge to deliver a shock to the patient. A communication module is configured to transmit the computed heart rate.

An arrangement for electrical charge equalization after generation of stimulation current pulse(s), containing a bridge circuit, switching elements, a bridge branch between two legs of the bridge circuit, into which a load resistance is introducible, and a power source for generating a stimulation current pulse, connected to the legs of the bridge circuit that enables an electrical current via one leg through the bridge branch and through a leg connected to the other end of the bridge branch with corresponding switch position. A capacitive element is in the bridge branch for generating a current for electrical charge equalization for current introduced by stimulation current pulse(s) and is configured such that, between one or more stimulation current pulses and a discharge of the capacitive element via stimulation electrode(s), a delay time window is maintained, which is used for measuring electrical physiological signals induced as a reaction to the stimulation current pulse(s).

The present invention, herein is a method and apparatus that significantly limits the effect of high frequency (“HF”) interferences on acquired electro-physiological signals, such as the EEG and EMG. Preferably, this method comprises of two separate electronic circuitries and steps or electronics for processing the signals. One circuit is used to block the transmission of HF interferences to the instrumentation amplifiers. It is comprised of a front-end active filter, a low frequency electromagnetic interference (“EMI”) shield, and an isolation barrier interface which isolates the patient from earth ground. The second circuit is used to measure the difference in potential between the two isolated sides of the isolation barrier. This so-called “cross-barrier” voltage is directly representative of the interference level that the instrumentation amplifier is subjected to. This circuit is used to confirm that the acquired signals are not corrupted by the interference.

An electrophysiology system including signal channels each of which processes an electrophysiological signal along a signal path extending from an input port that receives the analog electrophysiological signal, via an adjustable gain element that amplifies the electrophysiological signal, and via an ADC element that converts the analog signal into a corresponding digital signal, to an output port. The system further includes a monitoring element that generates a monitoring signal representative of a DC component of the electrophysiological signal and a gain control element that generates a control signal responsive to the monitoring signal. The control signal controls the gain setting of the gain element to cause a decrease in gain, if an increase in the magnitude of the DC component is determined; and/or an increase in gain, if a decrease in the magnitude of the DC component is determined.

The present disclosure provides computer-implemented methods, systems, and devices for improved skin temperature monitoring. Accurate estimates of skin and ambient temperature are generated based on determinations and comparisons of skin and internal device temperature sensor measurements contained on or within example devices. The estimates of skin and ambient temperature measurements facilitate monitoring skin and core temperature changes, detecting physiological events of a wearer of example devices, and determining when skin temperature changes are environmentally or physiologically induced.

A brain navigation device, comprising: a lead with an elongated lead body; at least one macro-electrode contact positioned on an outer surface on the lead; wherein the at least one macro-electrode contact is located at the distal part of said lead; and wherein the at least one macro-electrode contact is configured to be used during lead navigation.

Systems, devices, and techniques are described for analyzing evoked compound action potentials (ECAP) signals to assess the effect of a delivered electrical stimulation signal. In one example, a system includes processing circuitry configured to receive ECAP information representative of an ECAP signal sensed by sensing circuitry, and determine, based on the ECAP information, that the ECAP signal includes at least one of an N2 peak, P3 peak, or N3 peak. The processing circuitry may then control delivery of electrical stimulation based on at least one of the N2 peak, P3 peak, or N3 peak.

An example device for detecting one or more parameters of a cardiac signal is disclosed herein. The device includes one or more electrodes and sensing circuitry configured to sense a cardiac signal via the one or more electrodes. The device further includes processing circuitry configured to determine a representative signal based on the cardiac signal, the representative signal having a single polarity, and determine an end of a T-wave of the cardiac signal based on an area under the representative signal.

Techniques for sensing neural responses such as Evoked Compound Action Potentials (ECAPs) in an implantable stimulator device are disclosed. A first therapeutic pulse phase is followed by a second pulse phase, which phases may be of opposite polarities to assist with active charge recovery. The second pulse phase is formed so as to overlap in time with the arrival of the ECAP at a sensing electrode, which second phase may generally be longer and of a lower amplitude. In so doing, a stimulation artifact formed in a patient's tissue is rendered constant, and of a smaller amplitude, when the ECAP is sensed at the sensing electrode, which eases sensing by a sense amp circuit. Passive charge recovery may follow the second phase, which will not interfere with ECAP sensing that has already occurred.