A blood pressure estimating apparatus is provided. The blood pressure estimating apparatus may include: a sensor configured to measure a bio-signal waveform; and a processor configured to obtain a first feature based on a first area under the bio-signal waveform in a first time interval, obtain a second feature based on a second area under the bio-signal waveform in a second time interval which is different from the first time interval, and estimate blood pressure based on the first feature and the second feature.

A method of processing a raw acceleration signal, measured by an accelerometer-based compression monitor, to produce an accurate and precise estimated actual depth of chest compressions. The raw acceleration signal is filtered during integration and then a moving average of past starting points estimates the actual current starting point. An estimated actual peak of the compression is then determined in a similar fashion. The estimated actual starting point is subtracted from the estimated actual peak to calculate the estimated actual depth of chest compressions. In addition, one or more reference sensors (such as an ECG noise sensor) may be used to help establish the starting points of compressions. The reference sensors may be used, either alone or in combination with other signal processing techniques, to enhance the accuracy and precision of the estimated actual depth of compressions.

Certain examples provide systems and methods to enhance slow wave sleep. An example method includes identifying a sleep stage for slow wave sleep in a subject being monitored. The example method also includes generating, following identification of slow wave sleep and using a processor including a phase locked loop, an output signal based on a phase of a reference input signal, the output signal phase locked according to the reference input signal. The example method includes delivering, during slow wave sleep for the subject, a stimulus to the subject based on the phase locked output signal. The delivering includes providing the stimulus in a series of signal pulses for a first period of time; and providing a refractory period without pulses in a second period of time. The method further includes measuring feedback from the stimulus.

A method for analysis of cardiac rhythms, based on calculations of entropy and moments of interbeat intervals. An optimal determination of segments of data is provided that demonstrate statistical homogeneity, specifically with regard to moments and entropy. The invention also involves calculating moments and entropy on each segment with the goal of diagnosis of cardiac rhythm. More specifically, an absolute entropy measurement is calculated and provided as a continuous variable, providing dynamical information of fundamental importance in diagnosis and analysis. Through the present invention, standard histograms, thresholds, and categories can be avoided.

A measurement system includes a first measurement unit configured to measure floor reaction forces of golfer's left and right legs, a second measurement unit that is attached to the upper body of a golfer and configured to measure an angular velocity of the golfer, and a processing unit. The processing unit calculates, based on measurement results of the first measurement unit and the second measurement unit, a first energy which is a kinetic energy of the golfer during a swing.

System comprises a first sensing unit, attached to a proximal portion of a human body with a joint of the human body as a reference, for measuring an acceleration of the proximal portion or an angular velocity of the proximal portion; a second sensing unit, attached to a distal end portion of the human body, for measuring an acceleration of the distal end portion or the angular velocity of the distal end portion; a processing unit for determining an angle of the joint between the proximal portion and the distal end portion on the basis of the measured acceleration or the measured angular velocity and determining a spasticity time point at which resistance to motion of the distal end portion is received; and a display unit for displaying spasticity evaluation information for a spasticity evaluation on the basis of the angle of the joint and the spasticity time point.

Infusion systems, infusion devices, and related operating methods are provided. An exemplary method of operating an infusion device capable of delivering fluid to a user involves a control system associated with the infusion device obtaining a first measurement indicative of a physiological condition of the user from a first sensing arrangement, obtaining one or more measurements from a second sensing arrangement indicative of a second condition of the user. The control system classifies the second condition as corresponding to one of a plurality of intensity levels based at least in part on the one or more measurements, and thereafter operates the infusion device to deliver the fluid to the user based on the first measurement of the physiological condition in a manner that is influenced by the intensity level classification.

A apparatus for estimating concentration may include: a spectrum obtainer configured to obtain Raman spectra of an object; and a processor configured to extract, from the Raman spectra, at least one analyte spectrum related to an analyte and at least one non-analyte spectrum related to a biological component other than the analyte, and estimate concentration of the analyte based on a first area under a curve of the at least one analyte spectrum and a second area under a curve of the at least one non-analyte spectrum.

We describe a method of processing an EEG and/or MEG signal to generate image data representing a 3D current distribution, J, within the brain, the method comprising: capturing a plurality of electric and/or magnetic measurements from the exterior of the head; solving an integral equation for a part of said current distribution to generate said image data representing said 3D current distribution, wherein said integral equation comprises an integral of a first function representing said part of said current distribution and of a second function (.sub.Tv.sub.s(r,)) representing the geometry and conductivity of the head independent of said current distribution; wherein said solving comprises: modelling the head as at least two regions separated by at least one internal boundary, and solving a set of partial differential equations, one for each said internal region, each partial differential equation comprising a geometry-conductivity function (w(r,)) representing the geometry and conductivity of the respective region, wherein said solving is subject to a boundary condition that either i) the gradients of the functions across the or each said internal boundary are smooth when conductivity is taken into account, or ii) a normal component of the electric field of said part of said current distribution is continuous across the or each said internal boundary, and wherein said geometry-conductivity function for an outermost said region of said head defines said second function (.sub.Tv.sub.s(r,)).

Medical devices and related patient management systems and parameter modeling methods are provided. An exemplary method of operating a sensing device associated with a patient involves obtaining current operational context information associated with the sensing device, obtaining a parameter model associated with the patient, calculating a current parameter value based on the parameter model and the current operational context information, obtaining one or more signals from a sensing element configured to measure a condition in a body of the patient, and providing an output that is influenced by the calculated current parameter value and the one or more signals.