The present invention relates to a liquid information sensor comprises at least more than one electrode set including a first electrode, and a second electrode which is disposed spaced apart from the first electrode and to which an alternating current signal is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a ferroelectric layer including a first side in contact with the first electrode and the second electrode and a second side facing the first side and defining a receiving area for receiving the target liquid, and generating sound waves by physical vibration when the AC signal is applied.

Disclosed are methods to locate the posterior cancellous os of a pedicle on a vertebra and/or optimize implant trajectory in a subject, especially for spinal fusion surgery. The methods generally include: (a) directing a beam of laser light at or positioning a fiber that diffuses laser light over a pars interarticularis of the vertebra of the subject; and (b) acquiring photoacoustic signal for imaging the vertebra. The methods can further include selecting and/or adjusting parameters of the laser light such that the laser light penetrates a single layer of cortical bone covering the pars interarticularis into cancellous bone thereunder, reaching a quantifiable depth within the cancellous bone. Preferably, the quantifiable depth reaches at least about the full length of the pedicle.

Systems, methods and computer-readable media are disclosed for providing therapeutic auditory stimulation. Consistent with disclosed embodiments, a system for providing therapeutic auditory stimulation may comprise a diagnostic unit that computes an EEG spectral density of a patient and a heart rate spectral density of a patient and provides values for one or more EEG frequency bands and one or more heart rate frequency bands. The system may also comprise a therapy unit that generates, based on the provided values, one or more stimulation waveforms corresponding to one or more of the EEG frequency bands and provides the stimulation waveforms for therapeutic auditory stimulation. The stimulation waveforms may comprise audible carrier frequencies modulated by signals with frequencies that vary exponentially with time. The EEG frequency bands may comprise the delta, theta, alpha, beta 1, beta 2, and gamma EEG frequency hands.

The present application describes the addition of various feedback mechanisms including visual and audio feedback mechanisms to an ophthalmic diagnostic device to assist a subject to elf align to the device. The device may use the visual and non-visual feedback mechanisms independently or in combination with one another. The device may provide a means for a subject to provide feedback to the device to confirm that an alignment condition has been met. Alternatively, the device may have a means for sensing when Acceptable alignment has been achieved. The device may capture diagnostic information during the alignment process or may capture after the alignment condition has been met.

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for providing feedback to a user, in particular relating to the fall risk of the user and/or relating to advice to reduce the fall risk of the user. According to an embodiment, there is provided an apparatus for providing feedback to a user, the apparatus comprising a user interface for providing feedback to the user; and a processing unit. The processing unit is configured to obtain measurements of the fall risk of the user over a time period, the time period comprising at least one time portion in which the fall risk of the user increases to a first threshold value while moving, the user rests for a resting period when the fall risk reaches the first threshold value, and the user subsequently resumes moving; analyse the measurements of the fall risk of the user to determine the duration of each resting period and the fall risk of the user at the end of each resting period when the user subsequently resumes moving; determine a fall risk recovery profile for the user from the duration of each resting period and the fall risk of the user at the end of each resting period; determine the duration of a resting period required for the fall risk of the user to decrease to a second threshold value using the fall risk recovery profile; and provide feedback to the user on the determined duration via the user interface.

A method, including obtaining respective first reactions of a recipient to a series of sounds subjected to the recipient of a hearing prosthesis, the first reactions being directly related to the recipient's ability to hear the series of sounds, obtaining respective second reactions of the recipient to the series of sounds, the second reactions being different in kind than the first reactions, and fitting the hearing prosthesis based at least in part on both the first reactions and the second reactions.

A personal care device for modifying a keratinous surface having a sensor, a treatment element adapted to deposit a personal care composition, a feedback element, and a processor. The feedback element can be activated during deposition of the personal care composition. The personal care device can analyze a keratinous surface, identify keratinous imperfections, and then modify the keratinous imperfection by depositing a personal care composition. The feedback element can be intermittently activated during deposition and can emit a feedback signal that corresponds to the deposition of the personal care composition to alert the user as to how the personal care device is working and/or when the modification process is complete.

A method of adjusting a tone and a tone-adjustable earphone includes obtaining bioinformation of the user, wherein the bioinformation includes a head volume, calculating a nature frequency of the head of the user according to the bioinformation and adjusting a playback tone of the earphone according to the nature frequency of the head.

A method and a system of alerting patient with sleep disorder are provided. The method includes: detecting a change in a parameter(s), and if the change is detected, sounding an alarm, wherein the parameter(s) includes sound, motion, heartbeat, blood pressure, breathing frequency, magnitude and/or frequency of movement. The system includes a detector for detecting a change in a parameter(s) and an output device for sounding an alarm, wherein the parameter(s) comprise(s) sound, motion, heartbeat, blood pressure, breathing frequency, and/or magnitude and/or frequency of movement.

A processing device in one embodiment is configured to generate a first sound cue of a first type, the first sound cue comprising a primary entrainment cue for an entrainment sonification system, to generate one or more additional sound cues of a second type, each of the one or more additional sound cues comprising an auxiliary entrainment cue for the entrainment sonification system, to provide the first sound cue and the one or more additional sound cues to one or more audio devices of the entrainment sonification system for generation of sound for audible presentation to a user, to receive from one or more sensors of the entrainment sonification system one or more feedback signals, and to adjust one or more characteristics of at least one of the first sound cue and the one or more additional sound cues based at least in part on the one or more received feedback signals.