For liver modeling from medical scan data, multiple modalities of imaging are used. By using multiple modalities of imaging in combination with generative modeling, a more comprehensive and informed assessment may be performed. The generative modeling may allow feedback of effects of proposed therapy on function of the liver. This feedback is used to update the liver function information based on the imaging. Based on the computerized modeling with information from various imaging modes, an output based on more comprehensive information and patient personalized modeling and feedback may be provided to assist the physician.

Methods and systems for the controlled generation of bubbles in a medium having a liquid phase are generally provided. Laser pulses having a time-dependent pulse parameter controllable over their duration are generated. The medium is irradiated with the laser pulses with a radiant exposure sufficient to initiate microcavitation within the medium during each laser pulse. The time-dependent pulse parameter of each laser pulse is controlled according to a generally positive variation over the pulse duration such that the medium absorbs a greater quantity of energy from the laser pulse at an end of the pulse duration than at a beginning thereof. Such methods and systems may be used for various applications such as biology, medicine or material processing.

A bipolar ablation device for treatment of a stenosis within an implanted metallic stent may include an elongate shaft slidably disposable within an endoscope, the elongate shaft including at least one electrode configured to form a first pole of the bipolar ablation device, and an electrode lead slidably disposable within the endoscope. The electrode lead may be configured to electrically engage the implanted metallic stent to form a second pole of the bipolar ablation device. The elongate shaft may be positionable within a lumen of the implanted metallic stent.

An energy delivery system may include an expandable member having a plurality of electrodes, including pairs of adjacent electrodes, and a generator configured to supply an electric voltage to each of the plurality of electrodes. The energy delivery system also may include a controller coupled to the plurality of electrodes and the generator. The controller may be configured to measure an impedance of tissue disposed between the electrodes of each pair of adjacent electrodes, and determine, based on the measured impedances, whether cancerous tissue is disposed between any of the electrodes of each pair of adjacent electrodes. The controller also may be configured to apply a voltage between the electrodes of each pair of adjacent electrodes determined to have cancerous tissue disposed between them.

A biliary diagnostic device comprises a tubular body comprising an outer wall and an internal lumen, and a biliary diagnostic sensor comprising for analyzing biological matter in contact with the tubular body. A method of guiding an endoscope to a bile duct comprises inserting the endoscope into a duodenum, engaging a sensor with biological matter, electrically analyzing biological matter with the sensor to identify an electrical parameter, identifying liver bile in the biological matter from the electrical parameter, and guiding the endoscope through the duodenum based on the bile. A method of identifying biological matter comprises engaging a medical device sensor with biological matter in a bile duct, electrically analyzing biological matter with the sensor to identify an electrical parameter, identifying biological matter from a liver, pancreas or gall bladder from the electrical parameter, and outputting indicia of the biological matter to a user of the medical device.

Provided herein are catheter devices, systems, and methods to ablate a tissue location. The devises, systems, and methods disclosed herein include ablation systems including a catheter system with inner and outer shafts that deliver an ablation medium (e.g., a cryogenic ablation medium) to a body lumen and evacuate the ablation medium from the body lumen. In some embodiments, devices, systems, and methods disclose herein include expandable structures that facilitate in positioning of nozzles and/or evacuation of ablation medium from a body lumen.

Provided herein is an apparatus having a first tubular body, a second tubular body disposable within the first tubular body, a first plurality of fenestrations in fluid communication with a gallbladder lumen, and an expandable body disposed around the first plurality of fenestrations. The first plurality of fenestrations is configured to deliver a phase changing ablation medium by spraying the phase changing ablation medium in a spatially diffuse pattern into the space defined by the expandable body between the first plurality of fenestrations and the wall of the gallbladder. The first tubular body and the second tubular body define an annular flow path. A pressure sensor measures intraluminal pressure of the gallbladder. A control unit is coupled to the pressure sensor.

A sphincterotome includes a variable thickness cover that covers an insulated portion of a cutting edge. The variable thickness cover includes a distal taper distally extending from a first outer diameter to a second outer diameter, where the first outer diameter is larger than the second outer diameter.

Provided is a sphincterotome with two guide wires and four cavities including a handle assembly, a sheath-tube assembly and a head assembly. The handle assembly includes an electrode electrically connected with a cutting wire. The sheath-tube assembly includes a four-cavity tube internally provided with an injection cavity, a cutting wire cavity and two guide wire cavities which axially run through the four-cavity tube, and an injection inlet communicating with the injection cavity and two guide wire inlets are formed in the four-cavity tube. The head assembly includes a head tube, and an injection outlet communicating with the injection cavity and two guide wire outlets are formed in the head tube. One end, away from the electrode, of the cutting wire passes through the cutting wire cavity to protrude from the head tube, and is fixedly connected to the head tube.

The present disclosure includes a calculi fracture device having an acoustic transducer for transferring acoustic energy via a primary fragmentation probe to fracture a calculi mass into calculi fragments, an evacuation tube connecting the probe to a pressure source, and a secondary fragmentation device located in an evacuation pathway extending along the fragmentation probe and the evacuation tube to further break up the calculi fragments to inhibit clogging at a more proximal location in the evacuation pathway. A method of inhibiting clogging of a calculi fracture device can include receiving, from a primary fragmentation device, fragments of a calculi mass along a passage of a evacuation pathway of the calculi fracture device and further breaking up the calculi fragments along the passage of the evacuation pathway at a location that is more proximal to a primary fragmentation location.