Various noninvasive physiological sensors are described herein. Some implementations of the sensors described herein include multiple emitters and/or detectors positioned at various portions of a measurement site and configured to operate in either or both of transmittance and reflectance modes. In one implementation, a noninvasive physiological sensor includes a body portion configured to secure to a finger of a subject, an emitter operably positioned by the body portion at a first side of the finger and configured to emit light of one or more wavelengths into tissue of the finger, a first detector operably positioned by the body portion at a second side of the finger opposite the first side, and a second detector operably positioned by the body portion at a third side of the finger and offset approximately 90 degrees from the emitter with respect to an axis extending through at least a portion of the body portion.

According to a measuring method or a control method of life activity, a life object is illuminated with an electromagnetic wave including a wavelength in a designated waveband, and a characteristic in a local area of the life object is detected, or a life activity thereof is controlled. This “local area” is an area constituted by one or more cells. The “designated waveband” is defined based on any one of the following phenomena: [1] transition energy between a ground state of a vibration mode newly occurring between atoms in a constituent molecule of a cell membrane and a plurality of excited states; [2] transition energy between vibration modes occurring between specific atoms in a molecule corresponding to the activity of the life object or the change thereof; and [3] a specific chemical shift value in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.

Spectroscopy systems suitable for estimating the composition of test samples are disclosed. Embodiments of the present invention include an element that can be embedded within a sample and operatively couple with elements of the system located outside the sample, thereby enabling long-term monitoring of the sample. An embodiment includes radiation-emitting and radiation-detecting devices having periodic structures, such as photonic crystals and/or plasmonic metamaterials, which serve to filter the wavelengths of radiation at which they operate and/or enhance responsivity for those wavelengths. In some embodiments, the detecting devices are housed in a module suitable for long-term implantation within the sample. In some embodiments, the radiation-emitting and detecting devices are located external to the sample and are optically coupled with a mirror implanted within the sample. In some embodiments, an estimate of the composition of the test sample is generated at controller that is in communication with the emitter module.

The invention is directed to a method for non-invasive determination of the potential presence of one or more loss-of-function mutation(s) in the gene encoding for filaggrin.

The method of the invention comprises

(i) obtaining a vibrational spectrum from the stratum corneum of the individual;
(ii) determining the local natural moisturising factor content from the vibrational spectrum;
(iii) optionally repeating steps (i) and (ii); and
(iv) comparing the local natural moisturising factor content of the individual to a reference value,
wherein said stratum corneum is stratum corneum of a location of the body of said individual at which said one or more loss-of-function mutation(s) in the gene encoding for filaggrin has a stronger influence on the natural moisturising factor concentration than other factors influencing the natural moisturising factor concentration.

An apparatus may include an ultrasonic sensor array, a light source system and a control system. Some implementations may include an ultrasonic transmitter. The control system may be operatively configured to control the light source system to emit light that induces acoustic wave emissions inside a target object. The control system may be operatively configured to select a first acquisition time delay for the reception of acoustic wave emissions primarily from a first depth inside the target object. The control system may be operatively configured to acquire first ultrasonic image data from the acoustic wave emissions received by the ultrasonic sensor array during a first acquisition time window. The first acquisition time window may be initiated at an end time of the first acquisition time delay.

Structures and techniques are provided for shaping or steering a light field for an optical biological parameter sensor such that the light is partially or wholly collimated and enters a person's skin at an oblique angle to the person's skin such that the light has a direction component oriented towards or away from a photodetector of the optical biological parameter sensor.

The present invention relates to a device (10), system (1) and method (200) for use in blood oxygen saturation measurement of a subject. To enable blood oxygen saturation measurements with improved reliability, a processing device (10) is presented comprising an input (11) for receiving first and second detection data of a tissue region of the subject, said first detection data being data acquired over time by detecting radiation at a first wavelength (λ1) and at a second wavelength (λ2) received from said tissue region; said second detection data being data acquired over time by detecting radiation at the first wavelength and at the second wavelength received from said tissue region in response to coherent light at the first wavelength and coherent light at the second wavelength being emitted towards the tissue region; a PPG unit (12) for deriving, from said first detection data, a first PPG signal indicative of an absorption of light within the tissue region at the first wavelength, and a second PPG signal indicative of an absorption of light within the tissue region at the second wavelength; a flow unit (13) for deriving, from said second detection data, a first flow signal indicative of a flow of light scattering particles within the tissue region probed at the first wavelength, and a second flow signal indicative of a flow of light scattering particles within the tissue region probed at the second wavelength; and a processing unit (14) for correcting said PPG signals based on said flow signals and/or for providing a feedback signal based on a comparison of the first and second flow signals.

An optical sensor probe in which one end of optical fibers, of which the other end is connected to a light source or a Doppler measurement device, is linearly supported and arranged in a section of a buckling length L, a movement of the optical fibers in an optical axis direction is restricted at a fiber fixing point on an optical fiber-proximal side in the section of the buckling length L, the optical fibers are protrusively arranged through a restriction hole on an optical fiber-distal side in the section of the buckling length L, and the optical fibers are supported so as to be allowed to move only in the optical axis direction through the restriction hole. A measurement method is capable of measuring a blood flow rate, blood viscosity, or a vascular elastic modulus of the measurement target by measuring a Doppler shift of scattered light from the measurement target due to light emitted from the light source.

A method for a wearable device to determine a biological parameter of a tissue of a person. To apply an emitting of a first and a second wavelength of light towards the tissue. To collect and sense a first and a second set of frequency bands from the signals received back from the first and the second wavelengths, respectively. The first set of frequency bands represents a first signal which corresponds to a combination of the biological parameter and an extraneous noise. The second set of frequency bands represents a second signal mainly comprising the extraneous noise. To subtract the first set of frequency bands from the second set of frequency bands in the frequency domain to obtain a third set of frequency bands. The third set of frequency bands represents a third signal corresponding to the biological parameter.

Provided is a method for measuring blood glucose levels of a subject with a portable apparatus for noninvasively measuring blood glucose levels including at least one light receiving element for detecting light by using different light integration times, including: (a) switching on an LED for emitting light having wavelength absorbed in or scattered by glucose; (b) measuring a first signal value according to light which is reflected off the surface skin layer of the subject and enters in response to a first light integration time in the situation where the light is radiated; (c) adjusting a second light integration time for measuring light reflected off the inner skin layer of the subject based on the first signal value; (d) measuring a second signal value according to the light which is reflected off the inner skin layer of the subject and enters in response to the adjusted second light integration time; and (e) producing the blood glucose level of the subject by using a third signal value according to light which enters due to an ambient environment and the second signal value in the situation where the LED is switched off.