Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer program products for identifying original content. In one aspect a method is described that includes identifying a first document in a collection of documents. The first document contains a content piece and the content piece does not occur in any earlier document in the collection. The first document is associated with a first author and the first author associated with a first rank. The first rank of the first author is determined using a score of the content piece. The score is a figure of merit of the content piece.

A method for managing engagement and presentation content of an electronic document involves providing container metadata identifying engagement containers within the electronic document, providing engagement data linked to the engagement containers, the engagement data comprising parameters of an engagement based on the segments of content in the linked engagement containers, executing a procedure to traverse engagement containers identified in the container metadata. The procedure includes accepting, based on user input, data responsive to the engagement, and assigning a score for the current engagement container based on the received data and the parameters defined in the engagement metadata.

A method for managing engagement and presentation of electronic document(s) involves receiving input of a verification code of a client user whose anonymity is preserved, sending a login request to log the client user into a client account that is under supervision of a supervisory user, receiving authorized access for the client user in response the request, retrieving from the account electronic documents made available by the supervisory user, receiving an indication of assignment of a selection of a particular electronic document to the client user, providing content from the electronic documents assigned to the client user, monitoring progress of the client user in the particular electronic document, and triggering rewards based upon progress of the client user.

This invention relates to a method which provides, showing as well the relevant documents to the user even if the said documents that are closely related to the subject do not contain the keywords that are entered for search in their content, by analyzing citation contexts of every document in a data pool containing documents that are citing or linking to at least one document. In an alternative embodiment of this method, in the case when the documents cited by using the entered keywords are cited by other documents using other keywords, these said other keywords are considered as similar terms and the search is conducted as well by including these said similar terms.

Embodiments of the invention relate to systems and methods for obtaining and/or organizing information related to documents cited in a source document. For example, a legal brief may cite authority, such as judicial opinions, in support of the arguments in the brief. Embodiments of the invention relate to automatic identification in a document of citations to authority and preparation of information related to the cited authorities. For example, in an embodiment of the invention, a report may comprise normalized expressions of one or more legal principles asserted in one or more cited opinions and information associated with the ongoing vitality of one or more the legal principles, the cited authority, or both.

Described herein are computer-implemented systems and methods for automatically disambiguating author names for a plurality of publications so as to create clusters of author name mentions that are with high probability associated with a single author identity for each cluster. Also described are systems and methods for assigning the clusters to respective unique author identities, automatically and/or based on human input (e.g., as received from authors, co-authors, or administrative curators).

Methods of organizing documents by reclassification and clustering are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method of clustering electronic documents of a document corpus includes comparing, by a computer, each individual electronic document in the document corpus with each other electronic document in the document corpus, thereby forming document pairs. The electronic documents of the document pairs are compared by calculating a similarity value with respect to the electronic documents of a document pair, associating the similarity value with both electronic documents of the document pair, and applying a clustering algorithm to the document corpus using the similarity values to create a plurality of hierarchical clusters. The similarity value is based on a plurality of attributes of the electronic documents in the document corpus. The plurality of attributes includes a citation attribute, a text-based attribute and one or more of an author-attribute, a publication-attribute, an institution-attribute, a downloads-attribute, and a clustering-results-attribute.

Information about named entities referenced in an electronic book (ebook) is provided to a client device. An ebook identifier identifying the ebook is received from the client device. A set of layers available for use with the ebook is determined. The layers in the set provide information associated with the ebook and a layer in the set provides information associated with named entities referenced in content of the ebook. A content range identifying a range of content of the ebook for which layer information is requested and an identification of one or more of the layers in the set for which layer information is requested is received from the client device. Layer information associated with the ebook content identified by the content range for the identified layers is transmitted to the client device. The transmitted layer information includes information associated with named entities referenced by ebook content.

A method for managing engagement and presentation content of an electronic document involves providing container metadata identifying engagement containers within the electronic document, providing engagement data linked to the engagement containers, the engagement data comprising parameters of an engagement based on the segments of content in the linked engagement containers, executing a procedure to traverse engagement containers identified in the container metadata. The procedure includes accepting, based on user input, data responsive to the engagement, and assigning a score for the current engagement container based on the received data and the parameters defined in the engagement metadata.

In one embodiment a method for probabilistically quantifying a degree of relevance between two or more citationally or contextually related data objects, such as patent documents, non-patent documents, web pages, personal and corporate contacts information, product information, consumer to behavior, technical or scientific information, address information, and the like is provided. In another embodiment a method for visualizing and displaying relevance between two or more citationally or contextually related data objects is provided. In another embodiment a search input/output interface that utilizes an iterative self-organizing mapping technique to automatically generate a visual map of relevant patents and/or other related documents desired to be explored, searched or analyzed is provided. In another embodiment, a search input/output interface that displays and/or communicates search input criteria and corresponding search results in a way that facilitates intuitive understanding and visualization of the logical relationships between two or more related concepts being searched is provided.