Methods and apparatuses for voltage comparators are described. In one example, a circuit for a voltage comparator includes a first transistor, a second transistor for receiving a first input voltage at a second transistor gate terminal, and a third transistor for receiving a second input voltage at a third transistor gate terminal. The second transistor and the third transistor are connected to the first transistor at a first node. A fourth transistor is connected to the second transistor at a second node, and a fifth transistor is connected to the third transistor at a third node. One or more capacitors are connected between the third node and a fourth node, where the fourth node includes the second transistor gate terminal. One or more capacitors are connected between the second node and a fifth node, where the fifth node includes the third transistor gate terminal. In one example operation, the one or more capacitors provide regenerative gain.

Methods and apparatuses for voltage comparators are described. In one example, a circuit for a voltage comparator includes a first transistor, a second transistor for receiving a first input voltage at a second transistor gate terminal, and a third transistor for receiving a second input voltage at a third transistor gate terminal. The second transistor and the third transistor are connected to the first transistor at a first node. A fourth transistor is connected to the second transistor at a second node, and a fifth transistor is connected to the third transistor at a third node. One or more capacitors are connected between the third node and a fourth node, where the fourth node includes the second transistor gate terminal. One or more capacitors are connected between the second node and a fifth node, where the fifth node includes the third transistor gate terminal. In one example operation, the one or more capacitors provide regenerative gain.

The disclosure provides a circuit that includes an integrator that generates an integrated signal in response to a current signal. A comparator is coupled to the integrator and receives the integrated signal and a primary reference voltage signal. The comparator generates a feedback signal. A switched capacitor network is coupled across the integrator. The feedback signal activates the switched capacitor network.

A multiply-accumulate operation device, circuit and method are disclosed. In on example, a multiply-accumulate operation device includes input lines, multiplication units, an accumulation unit, a charging unit, and an output unit. Pulse signals having pulse widths corresponding to input values are input to the input lines. The multiplication units generate, based on the pulse signals, charges corresponding to multiplication values obtained by multiplying the input values by weight values. The accumulation unit accumulates a sum of the charges corresponding to the multiplication values. The charging unit charges the accumulation unit at a charging speed associated with its accumulation state. The output unit outputs a multiply-accumulate signal representing a sum of the multiplication values by executing threshold determination using a threshold value associated with the accumulation state of the accumulation unit on a voltage held by the accumulation unit after the charging by the charging unit is started.

A sensing device includes a MEMS sensor and an adjustable amplifier. The MEMS sensor is configured to generate an input signal according to environmental changes. The adjustable amplifier has a first input terminal, a second input terminal, a third input terminal, a fourth input terminal and a first output terminal. The first input terminal is electrically connected to the MEMS sensor for receiving the input signal. The second input terminal is electrically connected to a first signal terminal for receiving a first common-mode signal. The third input terminal is electrically connected to the first output terminal. The fourth input terminal is electrically connected to a second signal terminal. An electric potential of a first output signal output by the first output terminal of the adjustable amplifier is related to electric potentials of the input signal, the first signal terminal and the second signal terminal.

A sensing device includes a MEMS sensor and an adjustable amplifier. The MEMS sensor is configured to generate an input signal according to environmental changes. The adjustable amplifier has a first input terminal, a second input terminal, a third input terminal, a fourth input terminal and a first output terminal. The first input terminal is electrically connected to the MEMS sensor for receiving the input signal. The second input terminal is electrically connected to a first signal terminal for receiving a first common-mode signal. The third input terminal is electrically connected to the first output terminal. The fourth input terminal is electrically connected to a second signal terminal. An electric potential of a first output signal output by the first output terminal of the adjustable amplifier is related to electric potentials of the input signal, the first signal terminal and the second signal terminal.

A dynamic error introduced by track-and-hold circuits can be reduced by using an input signal derivative to perform linear extrapolation during the hold period, allowing the output of the track-and-hold circuit to provide improved performance in reconstructing an undistorted input waveform, or to perform other applications such as demultiplexing. As described herein, a track-and-hold circuit and related techniques can include use of a first-order (e.g., linear) extrapolation. A first-order extrapolation can better approximate or reconstruct a signal during a specified hold duration, as compared to a zeroth-order technique. Use of analog circuits to implement the first-order extrapolation can one or more of reduce complexity of a circuit implementation or improve performance, such as by not requiring digital signal processing circuitry in performing the extrapolation.

A dynamic error introduced by track-and-hold circuits can be reduced by using an input signal derivative to perform linear extrapolation during the hold period, allowing the output of the track-and-hold circuit to provide improved performance in reconstructing an undistorted input waveform, or to perform other applications such as demultiplexing. As described herein, a track-and-hold circuit and related techniques can include use of a first-order (e.g., linear) extrapolation. A first-order extrapolation can better approximate or reconstruct a signal during a specified hold duration, as compared to a zeroth-order technique. Use of analog circuits to implement the first-order extrapolation can one or more of reduce complexity of a circuit implementation or improve performance, such as by not requiring digital signal processing circuitry in performing the extrapolation.

An insulation state detection device includes a positive-side input terminal electrically connected to the positive side of a DC power supply, a negative-side input terminal electrically connected to the negative side, a grounding terminal, a detection circuit which operates based on an operation command to detect an insulation resistance in a measurement section, an input terminal to which an operation command signal is input, an output terminal which outputs a detection result signal related to the detection result of the detection circuit, a circuit board to which these components are mounted, and an insulating accommodation member which encloses at least the entire detection circuit and the entire circuit board and is integrally molded with terminal connecting portions so as to expose the terminal connecting portions outward.

An insulation state detection device includes a positive-side input terminal electrically connected to the positive side of a DC power supply, a negative-side input terminal electrically connected to the negative side, a grounding terminal, a detection circuit which operates based on an operation command to detect an insulation resistance in a measurement section, an input terminal to which an operation command signal is input, an output terminal which outputs a detection result signal related to the detection result of the detection circuit, a circuit board to which these components are mounted, and an insulating accommodation member which encloses at least the entire detection circuit and the entire circuit board and is integrally molded with terminal connecting portions so as to expose the terminal connecting portions outward.