Provided is a MnZnO sputtering target which can be used in DC sputtering, and a production method for the target. The MnZnO sputtering target comprises a chemical composition containing Mn, Zn, O, and at least one element X, the element X being a single one or two elements selected from the group consisting of W and Mo. The target has a relative density of 90% or more and a specific resistance of 110.sup.3 .Math.cm or less.

Provided is a recording medium including an ink receiving layer. The ink receiving layer includes a hydrophilic resin and a low oil absorbing porous silica.

A coating apparatus includes: a nozzle having a nozzle front end configured to spray a coating solution and a head configured to store the coating solution; a movement axis configured to cause the nozzle to move back and forth in a straight line; a rotating connection member configured to connect the movement axis with the nozzle and allow the nozzle to rotate; a stage disposed under the movement axis; and a cleaning means disposed at an end of the movement axis, and having a nozzle front end insertion unit in a concave shape of the nozzle front end and a base fixing the insertion unit, wherein the nozzle is fixed in a normal direction of a surface of the stage by the movement axis, moves back and forth in an extension direction of the movement axis, and rotates with respect to the movement axis.

According to embodiments of the present invention, a method of writing to an optical data storage medium is provided. The method includes receiving a plurality of data elements, each data element having one of a plurality of values, wherein each value of the plurality of values is associated with a wavelength, and forming, for each data element, a nanostructure arrangement on the optical data storage medium, the nanostructure arrangement configured to reflect light of the wavelength associated with the value of the data element in response to a light irradiated on the optical data storage medium. According to further embodiments of the present invention, a method of reading from an optical data storage medium and an optical data storage medium are also provided.

Provided is an optical recording medium capable of shortening tact time. The optical recording medium includes at least one recording layer. The recording layer contains an oxide of Bi.

A coating apparatus includes: a nozzle having a nozzle front end configured to spray a coating solution and a head configured to store the coating solution; a movement axis configured to cause the nozzle to move back and forth in a straight line; a rotating connection member configured to connect the movement axis with the nozzle and allow the nozzle to rotate; a stage disposed under the movement axis; and a cleaning means disposed at an end of the movement axis, and having a nozzle front end insertion unit in a concave shape of the nozzle front end and a base fixing the insertion unit, wherein the nozzle is fixed in a normal direction of a surface of the stage by the movement axis, moves back and forth in an extension direction of the movement axis, and rotates with respect to the movement axis.

Provided is an optical recording medium including: two discs, each of which includes a substrate and a plurality of recording layers; and an attachment layer which is provided between the two discs and includes ultraviolet curable resin, wherein thickness of each of the substrates in the two discs is equal to or greater than 0.3 mm and equal to or less than 0.545 mm, wherein transmittance of the two discs is equal to or less than 20%, and wherein inversion rates on both surface sides of the attachment layer are equal or substantially equal to each other, and are equal to or greater than 70%.

An optical recording medium includes a plurality of information signal layers on which information signals are to be optically recorded. Among the plurality of information signal layers, the information signal layer closest to the light-receiving surface has a reflectance of more than 4%.